Question 23 of 504
Cloud Concepts, Architecture and DesignhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

CCSP Cloud Concepts, Architecture and Design Practice Question

This CCSP practice question tests your understanding of cloud concepts, architecture and design. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

IAM Policy Document:
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["s3:GetObject", "s3:ListBucket"],
      "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-db-backup", "arn:aws:s3:::example-db-backup/*"]
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "kms:Decrypt",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Refer to the exhibit. An organization has attached this IAM policy to a role used by a backup application to access encrypted objects in an S3 bucket. The application is failing with an access denied error when trying to download objects. What is the most likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1hardmultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

IAM Policy Document:
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["s3:GetObject", "s3:ListBucket"],
      "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-db-backup", "arn:aws:s3:::example-db-backup/*"]
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "kms:Decrypt",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The policy does not specify the SSE-KMS key ARN in the KMS action.

The policy grants kms:Decrypt using a wildcard resource ("arn:aws:kms:*:*:key/*") instead of specifying the exact KMS key ARN used to encrypt the S3 objects. When an S3 object is encrypted with SSE-KMS, the backup application must have explicit permission to use that specific KMS key. Without the correct key ARN in the KMS action's Resource element, KMS denies the decryption request, causing the access denied error.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The policy uses wildcard resource for KMS, which is not allowed.

    Why it's wrong here

    Wildcard resources are allowed for KMS actions, although best practice is to specify the key ARN.

  • The policy does not specify the SSE-KMS key ARN in the KMS action.

    Why this is correct

    Correct: To decrypt objects, the policy must include the specific key ARN or the key's policy must grant the role permission.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • The policy does not grant s3:GetObject on the bucket itself.

    Why it's wrong here

    The policy grants s3:GetObject on the objects (arn:aws:s3:::example-db-backup/*) and s3:ListBucket on the bucket.

  • The policy omits kms:DescribeKey permission.

    Why it's wrong here

    kms:DescribeKey is not required for decrypt; kms:Decrypt is sufficient if the key policy allows it.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

ISC2 often tests the nuance that KMS resource ARNs must be explicit for decrypt operations, not wildcarded, even though wildcards are syntactically valid in IAM policies.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Under the hood, when S3 serves a GetObject request for an SSE-KMS encrypted object, it calls KMS Decrypt with the exact key ID stored in the object metadata. The IAM policy's Resource element must match that key ID exactly; a wildcard like "arn:aws:kms:*:*:key/*" does not match a specific key ARN because KMS evaluates the resource ARN literally. In real-world scenarios, this often occurs when a policy is copied from a different environment without updating the key ARN, or when using a wildcard to simplify management but forgetting that KMS requires explicit key references for decryption.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A developer is choosing between AES-256 (symmetric) and RSA-2048 (asymmetric) for encrypting a large file that will be sent to a partner. Symmetric encryption is fast but requires key exchange; asymmetric is slower but solves the key distribution problem. A hybrid approach — encrypt the file with AES, encrypt the AES key with RSA — is standard. Questions like this test whether you understand when each approach applies.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Related practice questions

Related CCSP practice-question pages

Use these pages to review the topic behind this question. This is how one missed question becomes focused revision.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this CCSP question test?

Cloud Concepts, Architecture and Design — This question tests Cloud Concepts, Architecture and Design — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The policy does not specify the SSE-KMS key ARN in the KMS action. — The policy grants kms:Decrypt using a wildcard resource ("arn:aws:kms:*:*:key/*") instead of specifying the exact KMS key ARN used to encrypt the S3 objects. When an S3 object is encrypted with SSE-KMS, the backup application must have explicit permission to use that specific KMS key. Without the correct key ARN in the KMS action's Resource element, KMS denies the decryption request, causing the access denied error.

What should I do if I get this CCSP question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jun 30, 2026

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This CCSP practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CCSP exam.