- A
Implement encryption at rest using AWS KMS with a key stored in the US.
Why wrong: Encryption alone does not provide a legal basis for cross-border data transfers under GDPR.
- B
Sign Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider.
SCCs are a valid adequacy mechanism for transferring personal data to third countries under GDPR.
- C
Ensure that the data is only accessed by employees in the EU.
Why wrong: Access location does not change the fact that data is physically stored in the US, still requiring a transfer mechanism.
- D
Use AWS Direct Connect to route traffic exclusively through EU-based links.
Why wrong: Direct Connect is a networking service; it does not provide legal compliance for data transfers.
- E
Implement a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) with AWS.
A DPA establishes the responsibilities of the data processor and is required under GDPR for data processing by third parties.
CCSP Legal, Risk and Compliance Practice Question
This CCSP practice question tests your understanding of legal, risk and compliance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A multinational corporation stores customer data in an AWS S3 bucket located in the US. The company's European customers' personal data must comply with GDPR. Which TWO actions should the company take to ensure compliance with GDPR data transfer requirements?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Sign Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider.
Under GDPR, transfers of personal data to third countries require adequate safeguards. Signing Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider and implementing a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) are both recognized mechanisms. Encryption alone (A) does not address transfer legality; access location (C) is irrelevant; and Direct Connect (D) is a network connectivity option, not a legal safeguard.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Implement encryption at rest using AWS KMS with a key stored in the US.
Why it's wrong here
Encryption alone does not provide a legal basis for cross-border data transfers under GDPR.
- ✓
Sign Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider.
Why this is correct
SCCs are a valid adequacy mechanism for transferring personal data to third countries under GDPR.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✗
Ensure that the data is only accessed by employees in the EU.
Why it's wrong here
Access location does not change the fact that data is physically stored in the US, still requiring a transfer mechanism.
- ✗
Use AWS Direct Connect to route traffic exclusively through EU-based links.
Why it's wrong here
Direct Connect is a networking service; it does not provide legal compliance for data transfers.
- ✓
Implement a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) with AWS.
Why this is correct
A DPA establishes the responsibilities of the data processor and is required under GDPR for data processing by third parties.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A developer is choosing between AES-256 (symmetric) and RSA-2048 (asymmetric) for encrypting a large file that will be sent to a partner. Symmetric encryption is fast but requires key exchange; asymmetric is slower but solves the key distribution problem. A hybrid approach — encrypt the file with AES, encrypt the AES key with RSA — is standard. Questions like this test whether you understand when each approach applies.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CCSP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CCSP question test?
Legal, Risk and Compliance — This question tests Legal, Risk and Compliance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Sign Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider. — Under GDPR, transfers of personal data to third countries require adequate safeguards. Signing Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) with the cloud provider and implementing a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) are both recognized mechanisms. Encryption alone (A) does not address transfer legality; access location (C) is irrelevant; and Direct Connect (D) is a network connectivity option, not a legal safeguard.
What should I do if I get this CCSP question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CCSP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
This CCSP practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CCSP exam.
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