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CCSP Practice Question: A cloud security analyst is troubleshooting an…

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Deny",
            "Principal": "*",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*",
            "Condition": {
                "StringNotEquals": {
                    "aws:PrincipalArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/DataAccessRole"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/DataAccessRole",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
        }
    ]
}

A cloud security analyst is troubleshooting an access denied error when an application attempts to read an object from an S3 bucket. The application uses an IAM user that is not associated with the role specified in the policy. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the error?

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The IAM user is not the specified role and is explicitly denied by the Deny statement.

The bucket policy likely includes a Deny statement that explicitly denies all principals except the specified role. Since the IAM user is not that role, the Deny overrides any Allow and blocks access. Option A is incorrect because even if the user were to assume the role, it would then be the role and gain access; however, the issue is that the user is not assuming the role. Option C is incorrect because a conflicting Allow and Deny would result in an explicit Deny, not an implicit deny—the Deny always overrides. Option D is incorrect because region restriction is not mentioned as a factor in the access denied error.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The IAM user is not assuming the role before accessing the bucket.

    Why it's wrong here

    The policy does not require the user to assume the role; it simply denies access to any principal that is not that role. The user could still access if they were the role, but they are not.

  • The IAM user is not the specified role and is explicitly denied by the Deny statement.

    Why this is correct

    The Deny statement explicitly denies all principals that are not the specified role, so any other principal (including this IAM user) is denied access.

  • The bucket policy has a conflicting Allow and Deny statement, causing an implicit deny.

    Why it's wrong here

    There is no conflict; the Deny is conditional and explicit. If the condition is met (i.e., the principal is not the role), Deny applies. The Allow only applies to the role, so no conflict.

  • The bucket policy is missing a condition for region restriction.

    Why it's wrong here

    Region restriction is not relevant; the policy already explicitly denies all except the specified role.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage ClassMin DurationRetrievalUse Case
S3 StandardNoneImmediateFrequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA30 daysImmediateInfrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA30 daysImmediateNon-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-TieringNoneImmediate–hoursUnknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant90 daysMillisecondsArchive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible90 daysMinutes–hoursArchive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive180 daysHoursLong-term compliance archive

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JA

Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

This CCSP practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CCSP exam.