This CCSP practice question tests your understanding of legal, risk and compliance. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A cloud customer is subject to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and uses a cloud provider that subcontracts data processing to a third party without notification. Which GDPR requirement is violated?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Sub-processor authorization
GDPR requires that data controllers obtain prior authorization before a processor engages a sub-processor. The customer (controller) was not notified, violating the requirement for sub-processor authorization. Other rights like erasure are unrelated to this scenario.
Key principle: Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Data protection by design
Why it's wrong here
Data protection by design is a broader principle, not specific to subcontracting notification.
✗
Data breach notification
Why it's wrong here
Data breach notification applies to actual breaches, not subcontracting without notification.
✓
Sub-processor authorization
Why this is correct
GDPR Article 28 requires explicit authorization for sub-processors.
Related concept
Authentication checks who the user is.
✗
Right to erasure
Why it's wrong here
The right to erasure (right to be forgotten) is not directly related to subcontracting.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: authentication is not authorization
Logging in proves the user can authenticate. It does not automatically mean the user is allowed to enter privileged or configuration mode. Watch for AAA authorization, privilege level and command authorization details.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This kind of question is testing the difference between identity and permission. A user may successfully log in to a router because authentication is working, but still fail to enter configuration mode because authorization is missing, misconfigured or mapped to a lower privilege level.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Authentication checks who the user is.
Authorization controls what the user is allowed to do after login.
Privilege levels affect access to EXEC and configuration commands.
AAA, TACACS+ and RADIUS can separate login success from command access.
TExam Day Tips
→Do not assume successful login means full administrative access.
→Look for words such as cannot enter configuration mode, privilege level, authorization or command access.
→Separate login problems from permission problems before choosing the answer.
Key takeaway
Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A security analyst at a medium-sized enterprise encounters this scenario during an investigation or architecture review. The correct answer reflects best practice for the specific threat or control described. Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access. Security exam questions test whether you can match controls to threats in context — not just recall definitions.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related CCSP questions on access control and AAA configuration.
Legal, Risk and Compliance — This question tests Legal, Risk and Compliance — Authentication checks who the user is..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Sub-processor authorization — GDPR requires that data controllers obtain prior authorization before a processor engages a sub-processor. The customer (controller) was not notified, violating the requirement for sub-processor authorization. Other rights like erasure are unrelated to this scenario.
What should I do if I get this CCSP question wrong?
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related CCSP questions on access control and AAA configuration.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Authentication checks who the user is.
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Question Discussion
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