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ISC2 CC Practice Question: Which TWO of the following are methods to ensure…
Which TWO of the following are methods to ensure non-repudiation? (Select two).
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Audit logs
Digital signatures provide cryptographic proof of origin, and audit logs provide a record of actions. Together they ensure that a party cannot deny involvement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Audit logs
Why this is correct
Correct. Audit logs provide evidence of actions, supporting non-repudiation.
- ✗
Biometric authentication
Why it's wrong here
Biometrics authenticate identity but do not provide non-repudiation of specific actions.
- ✓
Digital signatures
Why this is correct
Correct. Digital signatures provide non-repudiation of origin.
- ✗
Access control lists
Why it's wrong here
ACLs manage permissions, not non-repudiation.
- ✗
Encryption
Why it's wrong here
Encryption protects confidentiality but does not inherently provide non-repudiation.
Go deeper
Related to this question
Learn chapter
Authentication and Authorization Methods
Key term
Non-repudiation
Non-repudiation is a security principle that ensures a party in a digital transaction cannot deny their involvement or the authenticity of their digital signature.
Key term
Audit
An audit is a systematic, independent review of IT systems, processes, and controls to verify compliance with policies, standards, and regulations.
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JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This CC practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CC exam.