- A
Password
Password is an authentication factor.
- B
Username
Username is an identifier (identification).
- C
Group policy
Why wrong: Group policy is for configuration management.
- D
Access control list (ACL)
Why wrong: ACL is for authorization after authentication.
- E
Role-based access control (RBAC)
Why wrong: RBAC is an authorization model.
Question 597 of 1,000
ISC2 CC Access Controls Concepts Practice Question
This CC practice question tests your understanding of access controls concepts. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which TWO of the following are components of the identification and authentication process? (Select TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Password
Identification claims an identity; authentication proves it.
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Password
Why this is correct
Password is an authentication factor.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- ✓
Username
Why this is correct
Username is an identifier (identification).
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- ✗
Group policy
Why it's wrong here
Group policy is for configuration management.
- ✗
Access control list (ACL)
Why it's wrong here
ACL is for authorization after authentication.
- ✗
Role-based access control (RBAC)
Why it's wrong here
RBAC is an authorization model.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A security analyst at a medium-sized enterprise encounters this scenario during an investigation or architecture review. The correct answer reflects best practice for the specific threat or control described. ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement. Security exam questions test whether you can match controls to threats in context — not just recall definitions.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related CC ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CC question test?
Access Controls Concepts — This question tests Access Controls Concepts — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Password — Identification claims an identity; authentication proves it.
What should I do if I get this CC question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related CC ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
This CC practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CC exam.
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