This CC practice question tests your understanding of security principles. Examine the command output carefully: the correct answer depends on what the output actually shows, not on general recall alone. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A healthcare organization uses smart cards and PINs to control access to patient records. An employee loses their smart card and reports it immediately. The security administrator revokes the lost smart card. However, the next day, someone attempts to use the lost smart card at a different facility, and the access is denied because the card was revoked. Which security principle is demonstrated by the fact that access was denied?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "immediately / without restart"
Why it matters: Time or reboot constraint — the correct answer must take effect right away without requiring a reboot or reload.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Accountability
Correct: Accountability is demonstrated because the revocation and denial show that actions are traceable to individuals and controls are enforced. Option A is wrong because confidentiality is about secrecy; Option B is wrong because integrity is about data accuracy; Option D is wrong because non-repudiation prevents denial, but here the system proved the card was revoked.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Integrity
Why it's wrong here
Integrity ensures data is not tampered with; not directly demonstrated here.
✗
Confidentiality
Why it's wrong here
Confidentiality protects data from unauthorized disclosure, but the scenario shows access control enforcement.
✓
Accountability
Why this is correct
The system held the individual accountable by revoking the card and preventing unauthorized use.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "immediately / without restart" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Non-repudiation
Why it's wrong here
Non-repudiation prevents denial of actions; here the system prevented a future action.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Trap categories for this question
Command / output trap
Confidentiality protects data from unauthorized disclosure, but the scenario shows access control enforcement.
Scenario analysis trap
Confidentiality protects data from unauthorized disclosure, but the scenario shows access control enforcement.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A security analyst at a medium-sized enterprise encounters this scenario during an investigation or architecture review. The correct answer reflects best practice for the specific threat or control described. NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated. Security exam questions test whether you can match controls to threats in context — not just recall definitions.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this CC question in full detail.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CC NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Security Principles — This question tests Security Principles — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Accountability — Correct: Accountability is demonstrated because the revocation and denial show that actions are traceable to individuals and controls are enforced. Option A is wrong because confidentiality is about secrecy; Option B is wrong because integrity is about data accuracy; Option D is wrong because non-repudiation prevents denial, but here the system proved the card was revoked.
What should I do if I get this CC question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CC NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "immediately / without restart". Time or reboot constraint — the correct answer must take effect right away without requiring a reboot or reload.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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