- A
Purchase cyber insurance to transfer the financial impact of a potential phishing attack.
Why wrong: Insurance transfers financial risk but does not reduce the likelihood or impact on customers.
- B
Implement advanced phishing-resistant MFA (e.g., FIDO2) and conduct regular employee phishing simulation training.
These controls directly reduce the residual risk of phishing bypassing standard MFA.
- C
Reduce the project scope to exclude online banking and revert to a less risky channel.
Why wrong: This is an extreme avoidance that may not be feasible or aligned with business objectives.
- D
Accept the residual risk because the existing controls (encryption, MFA, pen tests) already provide reasonable assurance.
Why wrong: Acceptance is inconsistent with the board's low risk appetite for this high-risk area.
Quick Answer
The answer is to implement advanced phishing-resistant MFA (e.g., FIDO2) and conduct regular employee phishing simulation training. This is the best response for phishing residual risk mitigation because it directly reduces both the likelihood and impact of a sophisticated attack that could bypass standard MFA, aligning with the board’s low risk appetite by applying a targeted, preventive control rather than transferring or accepting the risk. On the Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control CRISC exam, this scenario tests your ability to select controls that address specific residual risks without over-escalating—a common trap is choosing insurance (which doesn’t reduce likelihood) or project stoppage (a disproportionate response). Remember the memory tip: “Phish-proof the login, then train the human.”
CRISC Risk Response and Mitigation Practice Question
This CRISC practice question tests your understanding of risk response and mitigation. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A financial institution is implementing a new online banking platform. The risk assessment identified that the platform will handle sensitive customer data and must comply with GDPR and local banking regulations. The project team proposes encrypting all data at rest and in transit, implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA), and conducting quarterly penetration tests. However, the risk owner is concerned about the residual risk of a sophisticated phishing attack that could bypass MFA. The board has a low risk appetite. What is the BEST way to address this residual risk?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"best"Why it matters: Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Implement advanced phishing-resistant MFA (e.g., FIDO2) and conduct regular employee phishing simulation training.
Option B is correct because it addresses the specific residual risk with a targeted control (phishing simulations and training) without overcomplicating the project. Option A is wrong because purchasing insurance does not reduce the likelihood of an attack. Option C is wrong because accepting the risk conflicts with the board's low appetite. Option D is wrong because stopping the project is a disproportionate response to a manageable risk.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Purchase cyber insurance to transfer the financial impact of a potential phishing attack.
Why it's wrong here
Insurance transfers financial risk but does not reduce the likelihood or impact on customers.
- ✓
Implement advanced phishing-resistant MFA (e.g., FIDO2) and conduct regular employee phishing simulation training.
- ✗
Reduce the project scope to exclude online banking and revert to a less risky channel.
Why it's wrong here
This is an extreme avoidance that may not be feasible or aligned with business objectives.
- ✗
Accept the residual risk because the existing controls (encryption, MFA, pen tests) already provide reasonable assurance.
Why it's wrong here
Acceptance is inconsistent with the board's low risk appetite for this high-risk area.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CRISC NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CRISC question test?
Risk Response and Mitigation — This question tests Risk Response and Mitigation — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Implement advanced phishing-resistant MFA (e.g., FIDO2) and conduct regular employee phishing simulation training. — Option B is correct because it addresses the specific residual risk with a targeted control (phishing simulations and training) without overcomplicating the project. Option A is wrong because purchasing insurance does not reduce the likelihood of an attack. Option C is wrong because accepting the risk conflicts with the board's low appetite. Option D is wrong because stopping the project is a disproportionate response to a manageable risk.
What should I do if I get this CRISC question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CRISC NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "best". Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
This CRISC practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISACA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CRISC exam.
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