CISM Information Security Program Practice Question
Exhibit
Refer to the exhibit. ``` Risk Register Entry: ID: RR-102 Risk: Data loss from unencrypted laptops Current Controls: Full disk encryption policy (not enforced) Likelihood: 3 (Medium) Impact: 5 (Very High) Risk Score: 15 Proposed Control: Enforce encryption via MDM Residual Risk after control: 3 (Low) ```
Based on the risk register entry, what is the primary gap in the current controls?
⚠ Common exam trap
Candidates often assume a policy exists means the control is effective, but CISM emphasizes that a policy without technical enforcement (e.g., via MDM or NAC) is a gap, not a control.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
The policy exists but is not enforced technically
The risk register entry indicates that a mobile device management (MDM) policy exists but is not enforced through technical controls, such as device compliance checks or automated policy application. This creates a gap because the policy remains a paper-based directive without active enforcement mechanisms like certificate-based authentication or conditional access rules, leaving devices vulnerable to non-compliance and potential data breaches.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
The policy exists but is not enforced technically
Why this is correct
The register shows a documented policy with no technical enforcement mechanism, so the control gap is compliance rather than design. Without automated enforcement, adherence depends on user behaviour, leaving the identified risk untreated. Closing this requires a technical control that compels the required action rather than relying on the written policy alone.
- ✗
MDM is not a suitable control
Why it's wrong here
MDM is a legitimate control for enforcing device configuration and encryption on managed endpoints; the gap is how it is applied, such as unenrolled devices or missing policy scope. MDM would be the correct control where mobile devices access corporate data and enrolment is mandated.
- ✗
The risk score is too low to require action
Why it's wrong here
The risk score reflects combined likelihood and impact, not whether controls are adequate; a low score does not itself constitute a control gap. The gap is the missing or ineffective safeguard. A low score would justify accepting the risk rather than treating it.
- ✗
The likelihood of occurrence is low
Why it's wrong here
Likelihood is a probability input to the risk calculation, not a control deficiency; a low likelihood does not describe what protection is missing. The gap lies in the control's coverage or effectiveness. Low likelihood would be relevant when justifying risk acceptance rather than identifying a control gap.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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