- A
Elevate the issue to the board of directors with a recommendation to outsource IT management
Why wrong: Incorrect. Outsourcing is a potential solution but not the most appropriate initial step; it bypasses internal governance.
- B
Recommend the formation of an IT steering committee comprising key business stakeholders to oversee IT strategy, risk, and resource allocation
Correct. This addresses the root cause of lack of governance and oversight.
- C
Develop a comprehensive patch management policy and present it to the CFO for approval
Why wrong: Incorrect. A policy without governance structure may not be enforced; also, it is too narrow.
- D
Insist that the IT manager immediately apply all missing patches within one week
Why wrong: Incorrect. While necessary, this is a tactical fix that does not address the governance deficiency.
CISA Governance and Management of IT Practice Question
This CISA practice question tests your understanding of governance and management of it. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A medium-sized manufacturing company has recently deployed an ERP system to integrate its financial, supply chain, and HR processes. The IT department is small (5 staff) and reports to the CFO. The company has no formal IT governance committee; IT decisions are made by the CFO and CEO informally. During a recent audit, it was found that several critical security patches for the ERP system have not been applied, and there are no documented procedures for change management. The IT manager states that patches are applied when time permits, and changes are discussed via email. The CFO argues that the ERP is running fine and the audit findings are low risk. The IS auditor needs to recommend a course of action to improve IT governance. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial step?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Recommend the formation of an IT steering committee comprising key business stakeholders to oversee IT strategy, risk, and resource allocation
Option A is correct because the fundamental issue is the lack of governance structure; establishing an IT steering committee with business representation ensures that IT decisions are aligned with business needs and risks are properly evaluated. Option B is premature because without governance, there is no process to prioritize patches. Option C is too narrow; it addresses only patches, not the underlying governance gap. Option D is incorrect because pushing the auditor's own opinion may create conflict and does not establish a sustainable governance process.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Elevate the issue to the board of directors with a recommendation to outsource IT management
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. Outsourcing is a potential solution but not the most appropriate initial step; it bypasses internal governance.
- ✓
Recommend the formation of an IT steering committee comprising key business stakeholders to oversee IT strategy, risk, and resource allocation
Why this is correct
Correct. This addresses the root cause of lack of governance and oversight.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✗
Develop a comprehensive patch management policy and present it to the CFO for approval
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. A policy without governance structure may not be enforced; also, it is too narrow.
- ✗
Insist that the IT manager immediately apply all missing patches within one week
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. While necessary, this is a tactical fix that does not address the governance deficiency.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISA NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CISA question test?
Governance and Management of IT — This question tests Governance and Management of IT — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Recommend the formation of an IT steering committee comprising key business stakeholders to oversee IT strategy, risk, and resource allocation — Option A is correct because the fundamental issue is the lack of governance structure; establishing an IT steering committee with business representation ensures that IT decisions are aligned with business needs and risks are properly evaluated. Option B is premature because without governance, there is no process to prioritize patches. Option C is too narrow; it addresses only patches, not the underlying governance gap. Option D is incorrect because pushing the auditor's own opinion may create conflict and does not establish a sustainable governance process.
What should I do if I get this CISA question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISA NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
This CISA practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISACA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CISA exam.
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