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Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines →easyMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

PCDOE Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines Practice Question

This PCDOE practice question tests your understanding of building and implementing ci/cd pipelines. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A startup is building a CI/CD pipeline for their Cloud Run service. They use Cloud Build to build a Docker image, push it to Artifact Registry, and then deploy to Cloud Run with the 'gcloud run deploy' command in the build config. The initial deployment works, but subsequent builds fail at the deploy step with a permission error: 'Permission denied to deploy revision to Cloud Run service'. The Cloud Build service account has the Cloud Run Developer role. The developers can manually deploy from their workstations using their own accounts. What is the most likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1easymultiple choice
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Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The Cloud Build service account needs the 'iam.serviceAccounts.actAs' permission on the Cloud Run runtime service account.

Option D is correct: Cloud Run requires the service account to have the 'iam.serviceAccounts.actAs' permission on the runtime service account used by Cloud Run (the compute engine default service account or a custom one). The Cloud Run Developer role alone does not include this. Option A is incorrect because the error is permission-related, not API enablement. Option B is incorrect because Artifact Registry permissions are for pushing images, not deploying. Option C is incorrect because Cloud Build uses its own service account, not user credentials.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The developers added the '--impersonate-service-account' flag inadvertently in the build config.

    Why it's wrong here

    The build config uses the Cloud Build service account; impersonation is not used.

  • ✗

    The Cloud Run API is not enabled in the project.

    Why it's wrong here

    If the API were disabled, the initial deployment would also have failed.

  • ✗

    The Cloud Build service account lacks Artifact Registry read permissions to pull the image.

    Why it's wrong here

    The error specifically mentions deploying to Cloud Run, not pulling images. Also, the image was already pushed successfully.

  • ✓

    The Cloud Build service account needs the 'iam.serviceAccounts.actAs' permission on the Cloud Run runtime service account.

    Why this is correct

    Cloud Deploy (and gcloud run deploy) requires the caller to have actAs permission on the identity being used by the Cloud Run service.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
  • PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
  • Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
  • NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

  • Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
  • Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
  • Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related PCDOE NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this PCDOE question test?

Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines — This question tests Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The Cloud Build service account needs the 'iam.serviceAccounts.actAs' permission on the Cloud Run runtime service account. — Option D is correct: Cloud Run requires the service account to have the 'iam.serviceAccounts.actAs' permission on the runtime service account used by Cloud Run (the compute engine default service account or a custom one). The Cloud Run Developer role alone does not include this. Option A is incorrect because the error is permission-related, not API enablement. Option B is incorrect because Artifact Registry permissions are for pushing images, not deploying. Option C is incorrect because Cloud Build uses its own service account, not user credentials.

What should I do if I get this PCDOE question wrong?

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related PCDOE NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026

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This PCDOE practice question is part of Courseiva's free Google Cloud certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the PCDOE exam.