Question 436 of 500
Building and testing applicationsmediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

PCD Building and testing applications Practice Question

This PCD practice question tests your understanding of building and testing applications. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
```yaml
steps:
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
  args: ['build', '-t', 'us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest', '.']
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
  args: ['push', 'us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest']
images: ['us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest']
```

A developer uses the above cloudbuild.yaml. The build fails with error: 'unauthorized: You don't have the permission to push to this repository.' What is the most likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
```yaml
steps:
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
  args: ['build', '-t', 'us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest', '.']
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
  args: ['push', 'us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest']
images: ['us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/my-project/my-repo/my-image:latest']
```

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The Cloud Build service account does not have Artifact Registry Writer role

The error 'unauthorized: You don't have the permission to push to this repository' indicates that the Cloud Build service account lacks the necessary IAM permissions to push the container image to Artifact Registry. By default, Cloud Build uses the default compute engine service account (PROJECT_NUMBER-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com) or a user-specified service account, which must have the Artifact Registry Writer role (roles/artifactregistry.writer) to push images. Without this role, the push is denied regardless of the image tag, registry URL, or project ID spelling.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The image tag 'latest' is invalid

    Why it's wrong here

    'latest' is a valid tag; the error is about authorization, not tag validity.

  • The Docker registry URL is incorrect

    Why it's wrong here

    An incorrect URL would typically result in a 'not found' error, not 'unauthorized'.

  • The project ID 'my-project' is misspelled

    Why it's wrong here

    If the project ID were misspelled, the error would likely be 'not found', not 'unauthorized'.

  • The Cloud Build service account does not have Artifact Registry Writer role

    Why this is correct

    The service account needs the Writer role to push images; without it, push is unauthorized.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

Cisco often tests the distinction between authentication/authorization errors and configuration errors (like invalid tags or URLs), so the trap here is that candidates may confuse a permission issue with a typo or invalid tag, especially when the error message says 'unauthorized' but the real root cause is missing IAM roles.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Cloud Build authenticates to Artifact Registry using the service account attached to the build, which must have the artifactregistry.writer role (or artifactregistry.admin) for the target repository. The IAM permission check happens at the registry level before any image push; if the service account lacks the role, the Docker client receives an HTTP 403 Forbidden response, which Docker translates to the 'unauthorized' error. In practice, this often occurs when using a custom service account that hasn't been granted the writer role, or when the default compute service account is disabled or restricted by organization policies.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Related practice questions

Related PCD practice-question pages

Use these pages to review the topic behind this question. This is how one missed question becomes focused revision.

Practice this exam

Start a free PCD practice session

Short sessions build daily habit. Longer sessions build exam-day stamina. Try a timed session to simulate real conditions.

FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this PCD question test?

Building and testing applications — This question tests Building and testing applications — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The Cloud Build service account does not have Artifact Registry Writer role — The error 'unauthorized: You don't have the permission to push to this repository' indicates that the Cloud Build service account lacks the necessary IAM permissions to push the container image to Artifact Registry. By default, Cloud Build uses the default compute engine service account (PROJECT_NUMBER-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com) or a user-specified service account, which must have the Artifact Registry Writer role (roles/artifactregistry.writer) to push images. Without this role, the push is denied regardless of the image tag, registry URL, or project ID spelling.

What should I do if I get this PCD question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

About these practice questions

Courseiva creates original exam-style practice questions with explanations and wrong-answer analysis. It does not publish real exam questions, exam dumps, or protected exam content. Learn why practice questions differ from exam dumps →

How Courseiva writes practice questions · Editorial policy

Keep practising

More PCD practice questions

Last reviewed: Jun 25, 2026

Question Discussion

Share a tip, memory trick, or ask about the reasoning behind this question. Do not post real exam questions, leaked content, braindumps, or copyrighted exam material. Comments are moderated and may be removed without notice.

Loading comments…

Sign in to join the discussion.

This PCD practice question is part of Courseiva's free Google Cloud certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the PCD exam.