Question 214 of 500
Fundamentals of Generative AImediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The correct answer is to implement retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground the model in the original documents and require citations. RAG directly mitigates hallucinations in generative AI by forcing the LLM to retrieve and base its summary on specific chunks of the source text, rather than relying solely on its parametric memory. This grounding anchors the output in verifiable facts, making it the most effective strategy for document summarization because it addresses the root cause—lack of factual grounding—instead of applying post-hoc fixes. On the Google Cloud Generative AI Leader exam, this question tests your understanding of how RAG reduces hallucinations by integrating a retrieval step before generation, a core concept often contrasted with prompt engineering or fine-tuning, which are less reliable for factual accuracy. A common trap is choosing output tuning or temperature adjustments, but these don’t prevent fabrication; RAG does. Memory tip: think “RAG retrieves, then generates—grounding before creating.”

Generative AI Leader Fundamentals of Generative AI Practice Question

This Generative AI Leader practice question tests your understanding of fundamentals of generative ai. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

An enterprise deploys a large language model (LLM) for internal document summarization. Users complain that summaries sometimes include statements not present in the original document. Which mitigation strategy should the team prioritize to address this hallucination issue?

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Implement retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground the model in the original documents and require citations.

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is the most direct and effective mitigation for hallucination in document summarization because it forces the LLM to base its output on retrieved chunks of the original document. By requiring citations, the model must reference specific passages, making it verifiable and reducing the likelihood of fabricating content. This grounds the generation in the source material, addressing the root cause of hallucination—lack of factual grounding—rather than relying on post-hoc correction or output tuning.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Train a discriminator model to detect hallucinations and perform adversarial training.

    Why it's wrong here

    Adversarial training is not a standard or practical solution for production LLMs.

  • Implement retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground the model in the original documents and require citations.

    Why this is correct

    RAG ties outputs to source documents, reducing hallucinations.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • Apply reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) using a reward model that penalizes hallucinations.

    Why it's wrong here

    RLHF improves overall quality but is not a direct fix for specific hallucinations; it may still produce unsupported content.

  • Reduce the model's temperature parameter to 0 to make outputs deterministic.

    Why it's wrong here

    Low temperature increases determinism but does not address factual accuracy.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

Google Cloud often tests the misconception that reducing temperature or applying RLHF alone can solve hallucination, when in fact these methods do not provide the explicit grounding that RAG offers for document-specific tasks.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

RAG works by embedding the source documents into a vector database, then at inference time retrieving the top-k most relevant chunks via cosine similarity search (e.g., using FAISS) and prepending them to the LLM's prompt as context. This effectively constrains the model's output space to information present in the retrieved chunks, and requiring citations (e.g., 'According to section 3.2...') allows human reviewers to verify faithfulness. In practice, even with RAG, hallucinations can still occur if the retrieval step fails to return relevant chunks or if the LLM ignores the provided context, so chunk size and overlap must be tuned carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A cloud solutions architect for a retail company is evaluating services for a new workload. The correct answer here reflects best practice for the specific scenario described — not a general cloud recommendation. Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option. Cloud exam questions reward reading the constraint carefully: the same technology can be right or wrong depending on the use case.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this Generative AI Leader question test?

Fundamentals of Generative AI — This question tests Fundamentals of Generative AI — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Implement retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to ground the model in the original documents and require citations. — Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is the most direct and effective mitigation for hallucination in document summarization because it forces the LLM to base its output on retrieved chunks of the original document. By requiring citations, the model must reference specific passages, making it verifiable and reducing the likelihood of fabricating content. This grounds the generation in the source material, addressing the root cause of hallucination—lack of factual grounding—rather than relying on post-hoc correction or output tuning.

What should I do if I get this Generative AI Leader question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Same concept, more angles

2 more ways this is tested on Generative AI Leader

These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.

Variation 1. A marketing team wants to generate product descriptions using generative AI. They need to ensure factual accuracy and avoid hallucinations. Which approach should they use?

easy
  • A.Use a code generation model to generate structured descriptions.
  • B.Fine-tune the model on all product descriptions using supervised learning.
  • C.Implement a retrieval augmented generation (RAG) system that retrieves product facts from a database.
  • D.Use a large language model with detailed prompt instructions to be accurate.

Why C: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is the correct approach because it grounds the model's output in verifiable, external data sources. By retrieving product facts from a database in real-time, the system ensures that the generated descriptions are based on accurate information, directly mitigating the risk of hallucination. This method combines the generative power of an LLM with a retrieval step that provides factual context, making it ideal for applications where precision is critical.

Variation 2. A team uses PaLM 2 API to generate product descriptions, but the output sometimes contains factual inaccuracies. What is the best approach to improve accuracy?

medium
  • A.Increase the temperature parameter
  • B.Reduce the top_k value
  • C.Use grounding with Google Search
  • D.Set the max_output_tokens higher

Why C: Grounding with Google Search is the correct approach because it allows the PaLM 2 API to retrieve real-time, verifiable information from the web, directly reducing factual inaccuracies in generated product descriptions. Unlike parameter adjustments, grounding provides an external knowledge source that the model can cite, ensuring outputs are based on current and accurate data rather than relying solely on its training data.

Last reviewed: Jun 30, 2026

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