CCNA Cdl Fundamental Concepts Questions — Page 2 of 2

MCQmedium

A startup is deploying a containerised web application on Google Cloud. They want to minimise operational overhead and only pay for the resources consumed when requests are being processed. The application should automatically scale to zero when idle. Which compute service should they choose?

A.App Engine Standard

B.Cloud Run

C.Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

D.Compute Engine

AnswerB

Cloud Run is serverless, scales to zero, and bills only for the time requests are handled.

Why this answer

Cloud Run is a fully managed serverless container platform that scales to zero when idle and charges only for request processing time. App Engine is also serverless but requires a runtime environment and does not scale to zero as gracefully. Compute Engine and GKE require provisioning instances even if idle.

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MCQeasy

Which cloud computing characteristic is defined by the NIST as the ability for a consumer to provision computing capabilities automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider?

A.Measured service

B.Resource pooling

C.Rapid elasticity

D.On-demand self-service

AnswerD

Correct definition: consumers can unilaterally provision capabilities automatically without requiring human interaction.

Why this answer

On-demand self-service allows users to provision resources automatically, without needing manual approval or interaction with Google Cloud staff.

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MCQmedium

A data analytics team needs to process streaming data from thousands of IoT devices in real time. They want to ingest the data, process it (e.g., windowed aggregations), and then load it into BigQuery for analysis. Which Google Cloud service should they use for the stream processing step?

A.BigQuery

B.Cloud Pub/Sub

C.Cloud Dataproc

D.Cloud Dataflow

AnswerD

Dataflow provides stream processing with exactly-once semantics, windowing, and direct BigQuery integration.

Why this answer

Dataflow is a fully managed, serverless service for stream and batch data processing, based on Apache Beam. It can handle real-time streaming data, perform windowed aggregations, and write to BigQuery.

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MCQmedium

A media company runs a video transcoding pipeline on Compute Engine instances that process a large batch of jobs every night. The workload is predictable and takes about 6 hours. After transcoding, the instances are idle until the next batch. How can the company optimize costs without sacrificing the ability to complete the batch within 6 hours?

A.Use preemptible VMs with checkpointing and automatic restarts

B.Purchase committed use discounts for 1 year

C.Use sole-tenant nodes

D.Use standard VMs and turn them off manually after the batch

AnswerA

Preemptible VMs offer significant cost savings and the batch workload can handle interruptions with checkpointing.

Why this answer

Preemptible VMs are up to 80% cheaper but can be terminated at any time. However, the workload is fault-tolerant (can be restarted) and the batch can likely complete within 6 hours if the job is designed to handle interruptions. Standard VMs are more expensive, committed use discounts require 1- or 3-year commitments, and sole-tenant nodes are for isolation, not cost savings.

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MCQhard

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud Spanner. They need to move 10 TB of data with minimal downtime. Which migration strategy should they use?

A.Create a VPN tunnel and use Oracle GoldenGate for replication

B.Export the Oracle database as CSV files, upload to Cloud Storage, and import into Spanner using Dataflow

C.Use gcloud commands to stream data from Oracle to Spanner

D.Use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous replication

AnswerD

DMS supports Oracle to Spanner migrations using CDC, minimizing downtime.

Why this answer

Database Migration Service (DMS) supports continuous migration from Oracle to Cloud Spanner with minimal downtime using change data capture (CDC).

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MCQhard

A DevOps engineer uses Terraform to manage Google Cloud resources. They want to ensure that a specific Cloud Storage bucket is deleted before the Terraform destroys other dependent resources. The bucket holds the Terraform state file. What is the correct approach to handle this dependency in Terraform?

A.Use `depends_on` in the state bucket resource to depend on all other resources

B.Use `lifecycle` block with `create_before_destroy = true`

C.Use `depends_on` in all other resources to depend on the state bucket

D.Use `terraform state rm` to remove the bucket from state before destroying

AnswerC

By making other resources depend on the state bucket, Terraform will destroy the state bucket after those resources.

Why this answer

Terraform does not guarantee the order of destruction based on implicit dependencies alone. To ensure a specific destroy order, the engineer should use `depends_on` to explicitly declare that the state bucket must be destroyed last (i.e., other resources depend on it). Alternatively, they can move the state file to a different location before destroying.

However, the question asks for the correct approach within Terraform configuration.

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MCQeasy

A startup wants to deploy a web application with minimal operational overhead. They want to focus only on writing code and not managing servers, containers, or runtimes. Which Google Cloud service is designed for this purpose?

A.Cloud Run

B.Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

C.App Engine

D.Compute Engine

AnswerC

App Engine is a PaaS that handles scaling, load balancing, and runtime management automatically.

Why this answer

App Engine is a fully managed PaaS that abstracts the underlying infrastructure, allowing developers to focus solely on code. Cloud Run requires container images, Compute Engine requires full OS management, and GKE requires cluster management.

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MCQmedium

A financial services company must run a legacy Windows application that requires a specific version of IIS and custom Windows patches. The company wants to minimize operational overhead but needs full control over the OS. Which Google Cloud service is most appropriate?

A.Google Kubernetes Engine

B.App Engine Flexible Environment

C.Compute Engine

D.Cloud Run

AnswerC

Compute Engine provides IaaS with full control over the Windows OS, including custom patches and IIS.

Why this answer

Compute Engine provides IaaS, allowing full control over the OS and application stack, including custom patches and configurations.

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MCQmedium

A company wants to run a stateful application that requires persistent, high-performance block storage attached to a single Compute Engine instance. The application needs consistent low latency. Which storage solution should they use?

A.Local SSD

B.Filestore

C.Cloud Storage

D.Persistent Disk

AnswerD

Persistent Disk provides durable, high-performance block storage for a single VM.

Why this answer

Persistent Disk provides durable block storage with consistent performance attached to a single VM. Local SSDs are ephemeral and not suitable for stateful data.

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