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CCNA Why Cloud Technology Can Transform Business Questions

75 of 84 questions · Page 1/2 · Why Cloud Technology Can Transform Business · Answers revealed

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1
MCQmedium

A financial services company must comply with strict data residency regulations. They want to run sensitive workloads on-premises while using Google Cloud for burst analytics. Which deployment model should they choose?

A.Hybrid cloud
B.Public cloud
C.Private cloud
D.Multi-cloud
AnswerA

Hybrid cloud combines on-premises and cloud, meeting data residency while enabling burst analytics.

Why this answer

Hybrid cloud connects on-premises infrastructure with public cloud, allowing the company to keep sensitive data on-premises while leveraging cloud analytics.

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2
Multi-Selecthard

A company wants to modernize its legacy monolithic application by adopting microservices on Google Cloud. They need to ensure high availability and manage service-to-service communication. Which THREE Google Cloud services should they use? (Choose THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Cloud Service Mesh (or Istio)
B.Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
C.Cloud Storage
D.Cloud Load Balancing
E.Cloud Functions
AnswersA, B, D

Service mesh handles service-to-service communication, security, and observability.

Why this answer

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) orchestrates containers, Cloud Load Balancing distributes traffic, and Cloud Service Mesh (or Istio) manages service communication. Cloud Functions is serverless, not for long-running services, and Cloud Storage is for object storage.

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3
Multi-Selectmedium

A company wants to use Google Cloud to innovate faster by leveraging managed services. Which TWO benefits are directly associated with using managed services? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.Reduced operational overhead (no patching, no server management)
B.Increased control over the underlying hardware
C.Requires more staff to manage
D.Built-in high availability and scaling
E.Higher cost compared to self-managed solutions
AnswersA, D

Managed services handle maintenance, patching, and failure recovery.

Why this answer

Managed services reduce operational overhead (no patching, no infrastructure management) and often provide built-in high availability and scaling. They do increase flexibility but may reduce control over the underlying infrastructure.

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4
Multi-Selectmedium

A startup wants to build a new application using Google Cloud's AI/ML services without hiring data scientists. They need to integrate pre-trained models for image recognition and natural language processing. Which THREE Google Cloud services should they use? (Choose 3)

Select 3 answers
A.Vision AI
B.Natural Language API
C.AutoML
D.Vertex AI
E.BigQuery ML
AnswersA, B, C

Vision AI offers pre-trained models for image recognition.

Why this answer

Vision AI provides pre-trained image recognition; Natural Language API provides NLP; AutoML allows custom model training without deep ML expertise. Vertex AI is for custom model training, but requires data scientists; BigQuery ML is for SQL-based ML; Cloud Speech-to-Text is for audio transcription.

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5
MCQmedium

A company is evaluating total cost of ownership (TCO) for migrating a legacy application to Google Cloud. Which cost should they include in the cloud TCO calculation that is often overlooked?

A.Software licensing for operating systems
B.Data egress fees
C.Cost of physical security for data centers
D.Cost of electricity for servers
AnswerB

Egress fees for transferring data out of GCP are often underestimated and can be significant.

Why this answer

Egress charges for data leaving Google Cloud are an often-overlooked cost that can significantly impact TCO.

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6
MCQhard

A company is moving a sensitive database to Cloud SQL. They need to encrypt data at rest using customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) and rotate the key every 30 days. How should they set this up?

A.Enable encryption by default in Cloud SQL settings
B.Use Cloud HSM to generate a key and import it to Cloud SQL
C.Create a key in Cloud KMS and manually rotate it each month
D.Create a key in Cloud KMS, specify it as the CMEK for Cloud SQL, and set rotation period to 30 days
AnswerD

This configuration meets the requirement: CMEK with automatic rotation.

Why this answer

Cloud KMS allows managing keys outside the service, and you can set an automatic rotation period of 30 days. Cloud HSM provides hardware-backed keys but is not required. Protecting the key with IAM is separate.

Enabling encryption by default uses Google-managed keys, not CMEK.

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7
MCQeasy

A startup wants to reduce capital expenditure on hardware and scale its application globally with minimal latency. Which cloud deployment model should they choose?

A.Multi-cloud
B.Public cloud
C.Hybrid cloud
D.Private cloud
AnswerB

Public cloud like Google Cloud offers global reach, pay-as-you-go, and eliminates hardware purchases.

Why this answer

Public cloud (Google Cloud) provides pay-as-you-go pricing, global infrastructure, and eliminates upfront hardware costs, making it ideal for startups wanting to scale globally.

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8
MCQmedium

A company wants to reduce its carbon footprint by running workloads on Google Cloud. Which Google Cloud commitment directly supports this goal?

A.Choosing a region with lower CO2 equivalent per kWh
B.Using preemptible VMs
C.Using committed use discounts
D.Google Cloud's 100% renewable energy match for operations
AnswerD

Google Cloud matches 100% of its energy consumption with renewable energy.

Why this answer

Google Cloud matches 100% of its global electricity consumption with renewable energy and aims to run on carbon-free energy 24/7 by 2030.

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9
MCQhard

An organisation needs to securely connect its on-premises data centre to Google Cloud with high bandwidth and low latency for hybrid cloud workloads. They want a dedicated, private connection that does not traverse the public internet. Which solution should they use?

A.Cloud NAT
B.Cloud Interconnect
C.Cloud CDN
D.Cloud VPN
AnswerB

Cloud Interconnect provides dedicated, private connections with high bandwidth and low latency.

Why this answer

Cloud Interconnect provides dedicated, private connections between on-prem and Google Cloud with high bandwidth and low latency. VPN uses the public internet, Cloud CDN is for content delivery, and Cloud NAT is for outbound internet access.

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10
MCQmedium

Which Google Cloud commitment to open source has enabled portability for containerized applications across different cloud providers?

A.Kubeflow
B.Istio
C.Kubernetes
D.TensorFlow
AnswerC

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system originally developed by Google.

Why this answer

Google developed Kubernetes, which is now the industry standard for container orchestration, enabling portability across clouds.

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11
MCQmedium

A data analytics team needs to run complex SQL queries on a large dataset stored in Cloud Storage (CSV files). They want a serverless solution that does not require managing infrastructure. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Dataflow
B.Cloud Dataproc
C.Cloud SQL
D.BigQuery
AnswerD

BigQuery is serverless and can query data in Cloud Storage using external tables.

Why this answer

BigQuery is a serverless data warehouse that can query data in Cloud Storage via external tables or direct loading. Cloud Dataproc is managed Hadoop/Spark, not serverless for SQL. Cloud Dataflow is for stream/batch processing.

Cloud SQL is a managed relational database.

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12
Multi-Selecthard

A financial company wants to run sensitive workloads on Google Cloud while ensuring data never leaves a specific geographic boundary and meets strict compliance requirements. Which THREE Google Cloud services should they combine?

Select 3 answers
A.Cloud VPN
B.Assured Workloads for Government
C.Cloud NAT
D.Cloud HSM with CMEK
E.VPC Service Controls
AnswersB, D, E

Provides compliance controls for regulated workloads.

Why this answer

VPC Service Controls create security perimeters to prevent data exfiltration. Assured Workloads provides compliance controls for regulated industries (e.g., FedRAMP). Cloud HSM with CMEK ensures customer-managed keys in hardware for encryption compliance.

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13
MCQeasy

A startup wants to launch a new application quickly and only pay for the compute resources they use, avoiding upfront hardware purchases. Which cloud benefit best supports this goal?

A.Scalability
B.Agility
C.Global reach
D.Cost optimisation (pay-as-you-go)
AnswerD

Pay-as-you-go lets you pay only for what you use, avoiding upfront hardware costs.

Why this answer

Pay-as-you-go pricing allows customers to pay only for what they use, avoiding large capital expenditures (CAPEX) on hardware. Agility is about speed, scalability is about handling load, and global reach is about geographic coverage.

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14
MCQmedium

A media company needs to deliver video content to users worldwide with low latency. They want to cache content at edge locations. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud CDN
B.Cloud Storage
C.Cloud Load Balancing
D.Cloud Interconnect
AnswerA

Cloud CDN caches content at edge locations for low-latency delivery.

Why this answer

Cloud CDN uses Google's global edge network to cache content close to users, reducing latency for media delivery.

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15
Multi-Selecthard

Which THREE factors should be included when calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO) for an on-premises data center compared to Google Cloud? (Choose 3)

Select 3 answers
A.Network egress charges
B.Software licensing fees
C.Staff salaries for data center operations
D.Hardware purchase and depreciation
E.Power and cooling costs
AnswersC, D, E

Personnel costs for managing infrastructure are part of TCO.

Why this answer

TCO includes hardware purchase, power and cooling, and staff costs. Software licensing may be similar, network egress is often lower on-premises, and opportunity cost of real estate is not typically included.

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16
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to Google Cloud. They want to reduce operational overhead while maintaining the ability to run the application without rewriting code. Which migration strategy should they use?

A.Retiring
B.Replatforming (lift, tinker, and shift)
C.Refactoring (rearchitecting)
D.Lift and shift (rehosting)
AnswerD

Lift and shift moves the app as-is to VMs, reducing overhead without code changes.

Why this answer

Lift and shift (rehosting) moves the application to VMs without changes, reducing operational overhead by eliminating data center management. Refactoring requires code changes. Replatforming uses managed services but may need modifications.

Retiring removes the application.

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17
Multi-Selectmedium

A company wants to migrate its on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database to Google Cloud. They want to minimize operational overhead and avoid vendor lock-in. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they consider? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.Migrate to Cloud Bigtable
B.Migrate to Cloud SQL for SQL Server
C.Use Cloud Run for database hosting
D.Migrate to Cloud Spanner after converting schema
E.Use Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate to Cloud SQL for MySQL
AnswersB, D

Cloud SQL provides managed SQL Server, reducing operational overhead.

Why this answer

Cloud SQL for SQL Server is a managed service that reduces operational overhead. However, for vendor lock-in, they could re-platform to Cloud Spanner (fully managed, horizontally scalable) or use bare metal. Option A is not a migration path; option C is not relevant; option D is for open source; option E is for homogenous migration.

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18
MCQmedium

A media streaming company wants to reduce latency for users worldwide by serving content from edge locations. They also want to offload traffic from their origin servers. Which Google Cloud service should they implement?

A.Cloud Interconnect
B.Cloud Storage
C.Cloud Load Balancing
D.Cloud CDN
AnswerD

Cloud CDN caches content at Google's edge locations, providing low-latency delivery and reducing origin traffic.

Why this answer

Cloud CDN uses Google's global edge network to cache content close to users, reducing latency and origin load.

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19
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is considering migrating its on-premises workloads to Google Cloud. Which TWO are common business drivers for cloud adoption? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.Cost optimization by converting CapEx to OpEx
B.Guaranteed 100% uptime for all services
C.Faster time to market through on-demand resource provisioning
D.Ability to avoid any vendor lock-in
E.Elimination of all security risks
AnswersA, C

Pay-as-you-go converts capital expenditure to operational expenditure.

Why this answer

Agility (faster time to market) and cost optimization (pay-as-you-go) are key drivers. Guaranteed uptime and data sovereignty are not inherent cloud benefits.

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20
MCQmedium

A company runs a web application on Compute Engine. They want to reduce costs by committing to a 1-year contract for their VM usage. Which pricing model should they use?

A.Preemptible VMs
B.Sustained use discounts
C.Pay-as-you-go
D.Committed use discounts
AnswerD

Committed use discounts give the best discount for a 1-year commitment.

Why this answer

Committed use discounts offer significant discounts in exchange for a 1-year or 3-year commitment to specific resource usage. Sustained use discounts apply automatically based on monthly usage. Preemptible VMs are for short-lived, fault-tolerant workloads.

Pay-as-you-go is standard on-demand pricing.

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21
MCQeasy

A company wants to reduce its carbon footprint and has committed to using 100% renewable energy for its cloud infrastructure. Which Google Cloud value proposition directly supports this goal?

A.Open cloud (Kubernetes/TensorFlow)
B.Security (BeyondCorp/encryption)
C.Sustainability (renewable energy match)
D.Trust and compliance (certifications)
AnswerC

Google Cloud uses 100% renewable energy for operations, supporting sustainability goals.

Why this answer

Google Cloud matches 100% of its global energy consumption with renewable energy and aims for carbon-free energy by 2030. Security, open source, and compliance are unrelated to renewable energy.

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22
MCQhard

A retail company experiences sudden traffic spikes during flash sales. Their on-premises infrastructure often runs out of capacity, causing downtime. They are migrating to Google Cloud and need to automatically handle traffic spikes without manual intervention. Which approach should they take?

A.Manually add VMs when traffic increases
B.Use a GPU-accelerated VM for compute
C.Create a managed instance group with autoscaling
D.Use a single large VM and rely on Cloud Load Balancing
AnswerC

Autoscaling policies automatically adjust the number of instances based on load metrics.

Why this answer

Managed instance groups with autoscaling automatically add and remove VM instances based on load, handling spikes without manual intervention. GPUs are not needed; manual scaling is wasteful; Cloud Load Balancing alone does not auto-scale compute.

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23
MCQmedium

An organization wants to use machine learning to analyze customer feedback but has no ML expertise. They need a service that can train custom models with minimal coding. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Vision API
B.Vertex AI
C.Cloud Natural Language API
D.AutoML Natural Language
AnswerD

AutoML Natural Language enables custom model training with a graphical interface and minimal code.

Why this answer

AutoML Natural Language allows users to train custom NLP models with a simple interface, requiring no ML expertise.

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24
Multi-Selectmedium

A retail company runs a web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to automatically scale the application based on custom metrics (e.g., number of items in a shopping cart). Which TWO resources should they configure?

Select 2 answers
A.Cluster Autoscaler
B.Custom Metrics Stackdriver Adapter
C.Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA)
D.Cloud Load Balancing
E.Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)
AnswersB, E

Enables HPA to use custom metrics from Stackdriver.

Why this answer

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) can scale pods based on custom metrics. Custom Metrics adapter (e.g., Stackdriver adapter) exposes application metrics to HPA.

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25
MCQeasy

A retail company experiences sudden traffic spikes during holiday sales. They want to automatically add or remove compute capacity to handle the load without manual intervention. Which Google Cloud feature should they use?

A.Cloud Load Balancing
B.Managed instance groups with autoscaling
C.Cloud Functions
D.Cloud CDN
AnswerB

Autoscaling automatically adds or removes VMs based on metrics like CPU utilization or request count.

Why this answer

Managed instance groups with autoscaling automatically adjust the number of VM instances based on load, ensuring scalability without over-provisioning.

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26
MCQeasy

Which cloud benefit allows a company to automatically add or remove computing resources based on demand, avoiding both over-provisioning and under-provisioning?

A.High availability
B.Pay-as-you-go
C.Elasticity
D.Global reach
AnswerC

Elasticity automatically scales resources up or down based on demand.

Why this answer

Elasticity (a form of scalability) enables automatic adjustment of resources to match demand, optimizing cost and performance.

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27
MCQmedium

A company is evaluating total cost of ownership (TCO) for moving its on-premises data center to Google Cloud. Which of the following costs should they include in the cloud TCO assessment?

A.Data center facility rent and power
B.Hardware purchase and maintenance costs
C.Compute and storage usage fees
D.Employee salaries for data center staff
AnswerC

Cloud TCO includes pay-as-you-go compute, storage, and other service fees.

Why this answer

Cloud costs include compute, storage, network egress, and managed service fees. On-premises costs like hardware, power, and cooling are avoided, so they are not part of cloud TCO.

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28
MCQmedium

A company wants to use machine learning models but has no in-house data science team. They need a service that allows them to train custom models using their own data without managing infrastructure. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.AI Platform Notebooks
B.BigQuery ML
C.Cloud TPUs
D.Vertex AI (including AutoML)
AnswerD

Vertex AI offers AutoML to train custom models with minimal ML expertise and no infrastructure management.

Why this answer

Vertex AI provides a unified platform for ML, including AutoML for custom model training without managing infrastructure. BigQuery ML is for SQL-based ML, AI Platform Notebooks require manual setup, and Cloud TPUs are hardware accelerators, not a managed service.

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29
Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO statements are benefits of using a multi-cloud strategy? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.Reduced overall security risk
B.Simplified operational management
C.Improved latency for all users
D.Ability to use best-of-breed services from different providers
E.Reduced vendor lock-in
AnswersD, E

Organizations can choose the best service from each cloud.

Why this answer

Multi-cloud avoids vendor lock-in and can optimize costs by using the best services from each provider. It does not inherently improve latency (can increase complexity), does not reduce security risks, and does not simplify management.

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30
MCQeasy

A multinational corporation wants to serve content to users worldwide with low latency. They plan to use Google Cloud's content delivery network and points of presence. Which cloud benefit enables this?

A.Cost optimisation
B.Scalability
C.Agility
D.Global reach
AnswerD

Global reach via CDN ensures low-latency content delivery to users worldwide.

Why this answer

Global reach, enabled by Google's extensive network and CDN, provides low-latency content delivery worldwide. Scalability is about capacity, cost optimisation is about pricing, and agility is about speed of deployment.

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31
MCQmedium

A company runs a batch job that processes data every night. The job can tolerate interruptions and currently runs on a dedicated on-premises server that is underutilized. They want to migrate to Google Cloud and minimise compute cost. Which compute option is most cost-effective?

A.Sole-tenant nodes
B.Standard (on-demand) VMs
C.VMs with GPUs
D.Preemptible VMs
AnswerD

Preemptible VMs are low-cost and can be terminated by Google, suitable for fault-tolerant batch jobs.

Why this answer

Preemptible VMs offer significantly lower cost (up to 80% discount) but can be terminated at any time, making them ideal for fault-tolerant batch workloads. Standard VMs are more expensive, sole-tenant nodes are for isolation, and GPUs add cost.

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32
MCQhard

A company uses a legacy on-premises database and wants to migrate to Google Cloud with minimal changes to application code. They need a fully managed relational database that supports MySQL compatibility and automatic failover. Which service should they choose?

A.Firestore
B.Cloud Spanner
C.Cloud Bigtable
D.Cloud SQL for MySQL
AnswerD

Cloud SQL for MySQL is fully managed, MySQL-compatible, provides automatic failover, and requires minimal code changes.

Why this answer

Cloud SQL for MySQL is a fully managed relational database with MySQL compatibility, automatic failover, and minimal code changes. Cloud Spanner is globally distributed and requires schema changes, Bigtable is NoSQL, and Firestore is document-based.

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33
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is adopting a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in and use best-of-breed services. Which TWO statements accurately describe multi-cloud? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.It connects an on-premises data centre to a single public cloud.
B.It requires a private cloud on-premises.
C.It reduces management complexity.
D.It can help avoid vendor lock-in.
E.It uses multiple public cloud providers.
AnswersD, E

Using multiple providers reduces dependency on a single vendor.

Why this answer

Multi-cloud involves using multiple public cloud providers (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud). Hybrid cloud specifically connects on-prem to cloud. Multi-cloud can increase complexity but provides flexibility.

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34
MCQeasy

A company wants to run containerized applications on Google Cloud without managing the underlying infrastructure. Which service should they use?

A.Cloud Run
B.App Engine Flexible Environment
C.Compute Engine
D.Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
AnswerA

Cloud Run runs containers in a fully managed serverless environment, so no infrastructure management.

Why this answer

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is the managed Kubernetes service that abstracts node management, but it still requires some cluster management. Cloud Run is serverless and fully manages infrastructure, so it is the best choice for zero infrastructure management.

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35
Multi-Selectmedium

Which TWO statements accurately describe Google Cloud's sustainability commitments? (Choose 2)

Select 2 answers
A.All Google Cloud regions are already carbon-neutral.
B.Google Cloud offsets all of its historical carbon emissions.
C.Google Cloud aims to run on 24/7 carbon-free energy in all its data centers by 2030.
D.Google Cloud matches 100% of its global electricity consumption with renewable energy.
E.Google Cloud data centers are powered exclusively by on-site solar panels.
AnswersC, D

This is Google's stated goal.

Why this answer

Google has matched 100% of its global electricity use with renewable energy since 2017 and aims for 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030. Google does not offset all emissions (carbon offsets are separate from matching). Regions are not all carbon-neutral today.

Data centers are not powered solely by on-site solar.

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36
MCQeasy

A startup wants to launch a new web application globally with minimal upfront investment and the ability to scale automatically based on traffic. Which cloud deployment model best meets these requirements?

A.On-premises private cloud
B.Public cloud
C.Hybrid cloud
D.Multi-cloud
AnswerB

Provides on-demand resources, pay-as-you-go pricing, and global infrastructure.

Why this answer

Public cloud offers on-demand resources, pay-as-you-go pricing, and global reach without upfront capital expenditure.

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37
Multi-Selectmedium

A company wants to store data across multiple regions for disaster recovery and comply with data residency requirements in the European Union. Which TWO Google Cloud features should they use?

Select 2 answers
A.Cloud Storage Object holds
B.Cloud CDN
C.Dual-region Cloud Storage buckets
D.Cloud Interconnect
E.Multi-region Cloud Storage buckets
AnswersA, C

Object holds prevent deletion during replication, ensuring consistency.

Why this answer

Dual-region buckets store data in two regions within a continent, meeting data residency. Object holds prevent premature deletion during replication. Multi-region is not recommended for data residency because it may spread data globally.

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38
MCQeasy

A retail company experiences sudden traffic spikes during flash sales. Their on-premises infrastructure often runs out of capacity, causing website slowdowns. Which cloud characteristic directly solves this problem?

A.Pay-as-you-go pricing
B.Scalability
C.Global reach
D.Security
AnswerB

Scalability allows dynamic allocation of resources to handle traffic spikes.

Why this answer

Scalability allows resources to be automatically added during peak demand and removed when not needed, preventing over-provisioning and under-provisioning.

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39
MCQhard

A company wants to reduce its total cost of ownership (TCO) by migrating from on-premises infrastructure to Google Cloud. Their current on-premises servers are underutilized during off-peak hours. Which Google Cloud feature directly addresses this waste by aligning costs with actual usage?

A.Preemptible VMs
B.Committed use discounts
C.Pay-as-you-go pricing
D.Sustained use discounts
AnswerD

Sustained use discounts automatically discount usage beyond 25% of a month, aligning cost with actual usage.

Why this answer

Preemptible VMs are short-lived instances for fault-tolerant workloads at lower cost; sustained use discounts apply automatically for usage across a month. Committed use discounts require upfront commitment; pay-as-you-go is the default but not specifically designed for underutilization.

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40
MCQeasy

A startup wants to launch a new mobile app globally. They expect user traffic to be unpredictable and want to only pay for the compute resources they use. Which cloud benefit BEST addresses this need?

A.Global Reach
B.Agility
C.Pay-as-you-go pricing
D.Scalability
AnswerC

Pay-as-you-go means no upfront costs and billing based on consumption, matching the startup's need for cost efficiency.

Why this answer

The pay-as-you-go model allows startups to avoid large upfront capital expenditure and only pay for actual usage, which is ideal for unpredictable workloads.

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41
MCQmedium

A company wants to use machine learning to analyze customer reviews without building and training models from scratch. They need a pre-trained model that can classify sentiment. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Natural Language API
B.Vertex AI
C.AutoML Natural Language
D.Dialogflow
AnswerA

The API offers pre-trained sentiment analysis out of the box.

Why this answer

Cloud Natural Language API provides pre-trained models for sentiment analysis, entity recognition, etc. AutoML Natural Language requires custom training. Vertex AI is a platform for building custom models.

Dialogflow is for conversational interfaces.

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42
MCQhard

A customer wants to run a containerized application on Google Cloud with zero downtime during updates and the ability to roll back quickly. Which service and deployment strategy should they use?

A.Compute Engine with a load balancer and instance group update
B.Cloud Run with manual traffic splitting
C.Google Kubernetes Engine with rolling updates
D.App Engine with automatic scaling
AnswerC

GKE manages container deployments with rolling updates ensuring zero downtime; rollback is straightforward.

Why this answer

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with a rolling update strategy provides zero-downtime deployments and easy rollback via kubectl rollout undo.

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43
MCQhard

A data analytics firm wants to query data across Cloud Storage and BigQuery without moving the data. They need a single SQL interface. Which Google Cloud service enables this?

A.Dataproc with Spark SQL
B.BigQuery external tables (federated queries)
C.Cloud SQL federated queries
D.BigQuery Omni
AnswerB

BigQuery can query data directly from Cloud Storage using external tables, without loading.

Why this answer

BigQuery allows querying external data sources like Cloud Storage via external tables (federated queries) without loading data.

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44
MCQmedium

A healthcare startup is building a HIPAA-compliant application on Google Cloud. They need to encrypt data at rest and manage their own encryption keys. Which service should they use for key management?

A.Cloud IAM
B.Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
C.Cloud HSM
D.Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS)
AnswerD

Cloud KMS offers software-based key management with customer-managed keys, suitable for HIPAA compliance.

Why this answer

Cloud KMS allows customers to manage their own encryption keys, and when used with CMEK, ensures data-at-rest encryption for HIPAA compliance.

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45
MCQhard

A company runs a batch processing workload every night that takes 60 minutes on a single n1-standard-32 VM. They want to reduce costs by using preemptible VMs but need the job to complete within 90 minutes. The job can be parallelized if necessary. Which approach is most cost-effective?

A.Use a single non-preemptible VM to ensure completion.
B.Use the same VM but as preemptible; if preempted, restart the job from scratch.
C.Split the workload across 4 preemptible n1-standard-8 VMs with checkpointing.
D.Use a single preemptible VM with persistent disk snapshots every 10 minutes.
AnswerC

Smaller VMs are cheaper if preempted, and parallelization reduces total time; checkpointing allows resume.

Why this answer

Preemptible VMs can be terminated at any time, so running multiple smaller instances with checkpointing and retries reduces cost and meets the deadline.

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46
MCQmedium

A company uses multiple public clouds (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) for different workloads. They want to centralize monitoring and logging. Which Google Cloud service can aggregate logs from all clouds?

A.Cloud Audit Logs
B.Cloud Console
C.Cloud Monitoring
D.Cloud Logging
AnswerD

Cloud Logging can ingest logs from multiple clouds via API or agents.

Why this answer

Cloud Logging (formerly Stackdriver) can aggregate logs from various sources, including other clouds, using agents or API ingestion.

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47
MCQmedium

A company wants to reduce its on-premises data center footprint by moving workloads to Google Cloud. They need to maintain low-latency connectivity between their remaining on-premises equipment and their Google Cloud VPC. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud VPN
B.Dedicated Interconnect
C.Partner Interconnect
D.Direct Peering
AnswerB

Dedicated Interconnect provides direct private connections with low latency and high reliability.

Why this answer

Dedicated Interconnect provides direct, private, high-bandwidth connections between on-premises and Google Cloud, meeting low-latency requirements. Partner Interconnect uses service providers with lower bandwidth. Cloud VPN is internet-based and slower.

Direct Peering lacks SLAs.

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48
MCQmedium

A financial services firm must comply with PCI DSS and wants to run workloads on Google Cloud. They need to isolate their production environment from development and enforce granular access controls. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Armor
B.Cloud NAT
C.VPC Service Controls and IAM
D.Cloud VPN
AnswerC

VPC Service Controls create perimeters around resources to prevent data exfiltration; IAM manages user permissions.

Why this answer

Google Cloud's VPC Service Controls enable isolation of sensitive data in a VPC perimeter, while IAM provides granular access controls. Together they help meet compliance requirements.

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49
MCQeasy

A start-up wants to quickly build and deploy a web application using managed services to avoid operational overhead. They need a serverless compute platform that automatically scales and charges only for execution time. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Functions
B.Cloud Run
C.Compute Engine
D.Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)
AnswerB

Cloud Run is serverless, auto-scaling, and charges per execution, ideal for web apps.

Why this answer

Cloud Run is a serverless compute platform that runs containers, auto-scales, and charges per execution. Compute Engine is IaaS, Kubernetes Engine is container orchestration (not serverless), and Cloud Functions is also serverless but for event-driven functions, not full web apps with containers.

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50
Multi-Selectmedium

An organization wants to achieve a zero-trust security model on Google Cloud. Which TWO Google Cloud security capabilities support this goal? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.VPC firewalls
B.BeyondCorp Enterprise
C.Cloud Armor
D.Cloud Key Management Service (KMS)
E.Identity and Access Management (IAM)
AnswersB, E

BeyondCorp implements zero-trust access to applications.

Why this answer

BeyondCorp enables zero-trust by verifying identity and context before granting access, and IAM provides fine-grained access control. Cloud Armor is for DDoS protection, Cloud KMS for encryption keys, and VPC firewalls for network security.

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51
MCQmedium

A company is evaluating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for migrating from on-premises to Google Cloud. Which cost is typically reduced or eliminated in the cloud?

A.Software subscription fees
B.Cloud storage costs
C.Internet bandwidth costs
D.Data center facility and hardware maintenance costs
AnswerD

Cloud provider manages physical infrastructure, eliminating these costs.

Why this answer

On-premises costs like data center facility, power, cooling, and hardware maintenance are eliminated in the cloud, as the provider manages the infrastructure.

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52
MCQhard

An enterprise is planning to migrate its on-premises data center to Google Cloud to avoid a hardware refresh cycle. The migration must minimize application changes. Which migration strategy should they prioritize?

A.Re-architecting applications to use microservices
B.Replacing applications with SaaS
C.Lift and shift (rehost)
D.Refactoring to use managed services like Cloud SQL
AnswerC

Moves applications with minimal changes, avoiding hardware refresh.

Why this answer

Lift and shift (rehost) moves applications as-is to cloud VMs, minimizing changes while avoiding hardware refresh costs.

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53
MCQeasy

A company wants to allow its employees to securely access internal applications without a traditional VPN. They want to use Google's zero-trust security model. Which Google Cloud product should they implement?

A.Cloud VPN
B.BeyondCorp Enterprise
C.Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP)
D.Cloud Armor
AnswerB

BeyondCorp Enterprise implements zero-trust access controls.

Why this answer

BeyondCorp Enterprise is Google's zero-trust access solution that grants access based on user identity and context, not network location. Cloud VPN is traditional VPN. Cloud Armor is WAF.

Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) is part of BeyondCorp but the broader product is BeyondCorp Enterprise.

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54
MCQhard

A financial services company must comply with regulations requiring data residency within the EU. They want to run workloads on Google Cloud. Which action should they take?

A.Use a multi-region deployment with regions in the US and EU
B.Select a Google Cloud region located in the EU
C.Enable data encryption at rest
D.Use Cloud VPN for connectivity
AnswerB

Choosing an EU region keeps data within the EU.

Why this answer

Selecting a region within the EU ensures data stays within that geographic boundary, meeting data residency requirements.

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55
MCQeasy

An organization wants to ensure its data is encrypted at rest and in transit by default on Google Cloud. Which statement is correct?

A.Customers must use CMEK to encrypt data at rest.
B.Only data in transit is encrypted by default.
C.Encryption is optional and must be enabled by the customer.
D.Data is encrypted at rest and in transit by default.
AnswerD

Google Cloud automatically encrypts data at rest and in transit for most services.

Why this answer

Google Cloud encrypts data at rest and in transit by default for many services, with customer-managed keys optional.

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56
MCQmedium

A financial services firm must keep sensitive data on-premises due to regulatory requirements but wants to use Google Cloud's AI/ML services for analytics on that data. Which deployment model should they adopt?

A.Private cloud (on-premises only)
B.Multi-cloud (AWS + Azure + Google Cloud)
C.Public cloud (Google Cloud only)
D.Hybrid cloud (on-premises + Google Cloud)
AnswerD

Hybrid cloud keeps sensitive data on-prem while using cloud services via secure interconnect.

Why this answer

Hybrid cloud connects on-premises infrastructure to Google Cloud, allowing data to remain on-prem while leveraging cloud AI/ML services via secure connections. Public cloud would move data off-prem, private cloud is on-prem only, multi-cloud is about multiple public clouds.

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57
MCQhard

A retail company migrated its e-commerce platform to Google Cloud. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency. The architecture uses managed instance groups with autoscaling based on CPU utilization. The database is Cloud SQL with read replicas. What is the MOST likely cause of the latency?

A.Autoscaling is not triggered because CPU utilization is below threshold
B.Insufficient Cloud SQL storage capacity
C.SSL/TLS encryption is causing overhead
D.Cloud SQL connection limit is reached
AnswerD

Cloud SQL has a maximum number of connections; autoscaling can create many instances that exhaust connections, causing latency.

Why this answer

Database connection pooling is often misconfigured during autoscaling, leading to connection exhaustion and increased latency.

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58
MCQeasy

A company wants to reduce its carbon footprint by using cloud infrastructure powered by renewable energy. Which Google Cloud sustainability commitment is most relevant?

A.Net zero emissions by 2025
B.100% renewable energy match
C.Carbon offset program
D.Carbon-free energy by 2025
AnswerB

Google has matched 100% of its electricity consumption with renewable energy since 2017.

Why this answer

Google Cloud matches 100% of its global electricity consumption with renewable energy purchases.

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59
MCQhard

A gaming company uses Google Cloud to run a multiplayer game. They use Compute Engine VMs with GPUs for game servers. During peak hours, latency increases. They want to automatically add more game server instances based on the number of concurrent players. Which scaling approach should they use?

A.Use Cloud Load Balancing to distribute traffic and add more VM instances manually.
B.Use Cloud Functions to spin up new game server VMs when player count exceeds a threshold.
C.Pre-provision a fixed number of VMs with GPUs to handle peak load at all times.
D.Create a managed instance group with autoscaling based on a custom metric representing concurrent players.
AnswerD

Autoscaling with a custom metric allows dynamic scaling based on player count.

Why this answer

Utilizing a custom metric (number of concurrent players) with managed instance groups and autoscaling is the best approach. Cloud Load Balancing distributes traffic but does not scale based on custom metrics.

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60
MCQmedium

A financial services company needs to migrate its on-premises data center to Google Cloud to reduce operational overhead and improve scalability. They have a mix of legacy and modern applications. Which approach should they use to minimize migration risk while accelerating their digital transformation?

A.Rewrite all applications as cloud-native microservices before migration.
B.Use Anthos to manage applications across on-premises and Google Cloud, enabling gradual migration.
C.Migrate everything to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) immediately.
D.Lift and shift all applications to Compute Engine as-is.
AnswerB

Anthos provides a consistent hybrid platform, allowing incremental migration and modernization.

Why this answer

Anthos provides a consistent platform to run applications on-premises and in Google Cloud, enabling gradual migration without rewrite. Lift-and-shift (option A) might not address legacy issues; option B increases costs and complexity; option D is too slow for transformation goals.

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61
MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises workloads to Google Cloud and wants to understand the total cost of ownership (TCO) savings. Which costs are typically LOWER in the cloud compared to on-premises?

A.Compute instance costs
B.Hardware purchase and data centre costs
C.Software licensing fees
D.Network egress charges
AnswerB

Cloud eliminates upfront hardware purchases and reduces data centre operational costs.

Why this answer

Cloud eliminates hardware purchase costs (CAPEX) and reduces data centre costs (power, cooling, maintenance). Compute costs may be similar or higher depending on usage, but overall TCO is often lower due to elimination of overhead. Software licensing depends on the agreement.

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62
MCQmedium

A retailer experiences traffic spikes during holiday sales. They want to ensure their website can handle the load without performance degradation. Which cloud characteristic is most relevant?

A.Reliability
B.Security
C.Cost optimisation
D.Scalability
AnswerD

Scalability enables handling increased traffic by adding resources.

Why this answer

Scalability (specifically vertical and horizontal scaling) allows the system to handle increased load by adding resources.

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63
MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises Oracle database to Google Cloud. They want to minimize licensing costs and use a fully managed database service with high availability. Which database should they choose?

A.Cloud SQL for MySQL
B.Cloud Spanner
C.Bare Metal Solution for Oracle
D.Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL
AnswerD

PostgreSQL is a robust open-source database with many features similar to Oracle; Cloud SQL offers fully managed HA at lower cost.

Why this answer

Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL is a fully managed, cost-effective alternative to Oracle, with built-in high availability (regional replicas) and no licensing fees.

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64
Multi-Selectmedium

A company wants to reduce its cloud spending by optimizing storage costs for infrequently accessed data. Which THREE Google Cloud storage classes should they consider? (Choose three.)

Select 3 answers
A.Standard
B.Regional
C.Archive
D.Coldline
E.Nearline
AnswersC, D, E

Lowest cost for archival data.

Why this answer

Nearline, Coldline, and Archive are cost-effective storage classes for infrequently accessed data with lower retrieval costs.

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65
MCQhard

A media company stores video files on-premises and wants to migrate them to Google Cloud for processing and transcoding. The files are accessed by a legacy on-premises application that cannot be modified. Which migration strategy should they use?

A.Use Transfer Appliance to ship data to Google Cloud and set up a VPN for the application to access Cloud Storage via private IP.
B.Migrate the application to run on Compute Engine and access Cloud Storage natively.
C.Use Storage Transfer Service to move data to Cloud Storage, then mount the bucket using Cloud Storage FUSE on the on-premises server.
D.Use gsutil rsync to copy files to Cloud Storage and update the application to use Cloud Storage URLs.
AnswerC

Cloud Storage FUSE allows the on-premises application to access Cloud Storage as a local file system without code changes.

Why this answer

Storage Transfer Service allows transferring data from on-premises to Cloud Storage, while using Cloud Storage FUSE or a VPN can keep the on-premises application accessing the files. The best approach is to use Storage Transfer Service for bulk migration and then configure hybrid access.

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66
MCQhard

An organization wants to use Google Cloud's AI/ML services to build a custom image recognition model without managing the underlying infrastructure. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.AutoML Vision
B.TensorFlow on Compute Engine
C.Cloud Vision API
D.Vertex AI Workbench
AnswerA

AutoML Vision allows training custom models without managing infrastructure.

Why this answer

AutoML Vision provides a no-code environment to train custom models with minimal ML expertise, while Vertex AI is a full platform requiring more setup.

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67
MCQeasy

A global e-commerce platform needs to serve content with low latency to users worldwide. They want to cache static content at edge locations near users. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud DNS
B.Cloud CDN
C.Cloud Armor
D.Cloud Storage
AnswerB

Cloud CDN caches content at Google's edge locations for low-latency delivery.

Why this answer

Cloud CDN uses Google's global edge network to cache static content, reducing latency by serving from locations close to users. Cloud Armor is for security. Cloud DNS is for domain resolution.

Cloud Storage alone does not cache at edges.

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68
MCQhard

A financial services company must comply with strict data residency regulations. They need to store customer data in a specific geographic region and ensure it never leaves that region. Which Google Cloud feature should they use?

A.VPC Service Controls
B.Cloud IAM
C.Organization Policy with location restrictions
D.Cloud Key Management Service
AnswerC

Organization policies with location constraints enforce resource creation only in permitted regions.

Why this answer

Organization Policy with location restrictions allows admins to restrict resource creation to specific regions, preventing data from being stored elsewhere. VPC Service Controls provide data exfiltration prevention but do not restrict region. IAM controls access, not location.

Cloud KMS manages keys.

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69
MCQeasy

A developer needs to add machine learning capabilities to their application without training models from scratch. Which Google Cloud service provides pre-trained models via API?

A.Vertex AI
B.AI Platform Training
C.Cloud Vision API
D.Cloud AutoML
AnswerC

Cloud Vision API provides pre-trained models for image recognition via API.

Why this answer

Cloud Vision API offers pre-trained models for image analysis accessible via API, allowing developers to integrate ML without training.

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70
MCQeasy

A company wants to connect its on-premises data center to Google Cloud securely and with low latency. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A.Cloud Interconnect
B.Cloud NAT
C.Cloud VPN
D.Cloud CDN
AnswerA

Cloud Interconnect provides dedicated private connections with low latency.

Why this answer

Cloud Interconnect provides dedicated, high-bandwidth connections between on-premises and Google Cloud, offering lower latency and more reliability than VPN.

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71
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application to Google Cloud. The application has variable traffic and requires reliable, low-latency database access. The team wants to minimize operational overhead. Which TWO services should they consider for the database tier? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Cloud SQL
B.Cloud Spanner
C.Cloud Bigtable
D.Firestore
E.Self-managed MySQL on Compute Engine
AnswersA, B

Managed MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server with minimal ops.

Why this answer

Cloud SQL provides managed relational databases with automatic failover and replication. Cloud Spanner provides globally distributed, strongly consistent database with automatic sharding. Both reduce operational overhead.

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72
MCQmedium

A company currently runs its applications in a co-location data centre with a 5-year contract for hardware. They are considering migrating to Google Cloud to avoid the upcoming hardware refresh cycle. Which business driver is most directly addressed by this migration?

A.Scalability
B.Cost optimisation (avoiding CAPEX)
C.Agility
D.Innovation (AI/ML access)
AnswerB

Migrating to cloud avoids the capital expense of replacing hardware.

Why this answer

Hardware refresh avoidance is a key migration motivation, shifting from CAPEX to OPEX. Agility, scalability, and innovation are also benefits but not the primary driver for this specific scenario.

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73
Multi-Selecthard

A company runs a web application on Compute Engine. They want to improve availability by distributing traffic across multiple regions and automatically failing over if one region becomes unhealthy. Which TWO services should they combine? (Choose two.)

Select 2 answers
A.Cloud DNS with geo-routing
B.Global external HTTP(S) Load Balancer
C.Internal Load Balancer
D.External HTTPS Load Balancer with backend buckets
E.Network Load Balancer
AnswersA, B

Geo-routing directs traffic to healthy regional backends.

Why this answer

External HTTPS Load Balancer with global backend services can route traffic across regions and support failover. Cloud DNS with health checks can route traffic to healthy backends.

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74
MCQmedium

A retail company experiences traffic spikes during holiday sales. They need to automatically scale their web application instances based on CPU utilization. Which Google Cloud service should they configure?

A.Cloud Load Balancing
B.Google Kubernetes Engine with Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
C.Cloud Functions
D.Managed instance group with autoscaling
AnswerD

MIG autoscaling adds/removes VM instances based on CPU utilization.

Why this answer

Managed instance groups with autoscaling automatically add or remove VM instances based on metrics like CPU utilization, handling traffic spikes efficiently.

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75
Multi-Selecthard

A company wants to reduce its on-premises data centre footprint and improve disaster recovery by migrating to Google Cloud. Which THREE Google Cloud features directly support improved disaster recovery? (Choose 3)

Select 3 answers
A.Regional persistent disks with synchronous replication
B.Cloud Interconnect for dedicated connectivity
C.Preemptible VMs for cost savings
D.Cloud Load Balancing with global anycast IP
E.Multi-regional storage classes (e.g., Standard, Nearline)
AnswersA, D, E

Regional disks replicate data across zones in a region, providing high availability.

Why this answer

Regional persistent disks, multi-regional storage, and Cloud Load Balancing all support disaster recovery by providing geo-redundancy and traffic distribution across regions. Preemptible VMs are for cost savings, not DR.

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