Google ACE Configuring Access and Security Practice Question
An engineer created a VPC with a subnet in us-central1 and enabled Private Google Access on that subnet. Compute Engine instances in that subnet can reach Google APIs and services using internal IPs. However, the instances cannot reach external IP addresses on the internet. What should the engineer configure to allow internet access while minimizing cost and management overhead?
⚠ Common exam trap
The trap here is assuming that Private Google Access alone provides full internet access; it only covers Google APIs and services, so a separate NAT solution is required for general internet egress.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create a Cloud NAT gateway using a Cloud Router
Cloud NAT on a Cloud Router provides managed, outbound-only internet access for instances with internal IPs, without assigning external IPs or running a NAT VM. It integrates with the VPC and scales automatically, minimizing cost and operational overhead. Private Google Access can remain enabled alongside Cloud NAT.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Create a Cloud NAT gateway using a Cloud Router
Why this is correct
Cloud NAT, configured through a Cloud Router, provides managed outbound internet connectivity to private Compute Engine instances without assigning them external IP addresses. It uses the Cloud Router to dynamically exchange routing information with the VPC network, allowing instances with internal IPs to initiate connections to the internet while remaining unreachable from outside. This is the recommended, highly available, and serverless solution because Cloud NAT automatically scales to handle thousands of instances and does not require manual patching or failover configuration.
- ✗
Disable Private Google Access and assign external IPs to the instances
Why it's wrong here
Disabling Private Google Access and assigning external IPs to the instances is incorrect because Private Google Access is specifically for reaching Google APIs and services, not general internet traffic. Disabling it removes that controlled access, while assigning external IPs makes each instance publicly reachable, widening the attack surface and requiring additional firewall rules to mitigate exposure. It also introduces per-instance public IP costs and contradicts the best practice of keeping VM workloads private and protected behind a managed NAT service.
- ✗
Add a NAT instance (a Compute Engine VM configured as a NAT gateway)
Why it's wrong here
Using a NAT instance—a Compute Engine VM configured with IP forwarding and iptables—is a legacy approach that requires you to manage and secure the instance yourself. It becomes a single point of failure unless you build complex HA schemes, and you must manually scale it to handle connection bursts or add load balancers. This adds operational overhead, licensing, and VM costs, whereas Cloud NAT is a fully managed service that scales automatically and requires no instance maintenance.
- ✗
Create a Cloud VPN tunnel to a third-party NAT service
Why it's wrong here
Creating a Cloud VPN tunnel to a third-party NAT service is unnecessarily complex and conceptually mismatched because Cloud VPN is designed for site-to-site connectivity between your VPC and on-premises or partner networks, not as a path to a NAT proxy. You would need to provision, secure, and pay for the third-party NAT service, and then route traffic through an external VPN, adding substantial latency and egress costs. This convoluted design provides no benefit over Cloud NAT, which gives direct, low-latency, managed internet access from within Google's network.
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Cloud KMS and Customer-Managed Keys
Key term
Private Google Access
Private Google Access lets virtual machines in a Google Cloud VPC reach Google APIs and services using private IP addresses, without needing public internet access.
Key term
Cloud NAT
Cloud NAT is a managed network address translation service that allows private cloud resources to initiate outbound internet connections while keeping them unreachable from the internet.
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JA
Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
Last reviewed September 2026 · checked against the official Google Cloud exam blueprint
This ACE practice question is part of Courseiva's free Google Cloud certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the ACE exam.