DA0-002 Data Concepts and Environments Practice Question
Which of the following is an example of semi-structured data?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
A JSON file
Semi-structured data has tags or markers to separate data elements, like JSON or XML.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
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A CSV file without header
Why it's wrong here
A headerless CSV still stores values in fixed positional columns, so it remains structured; the missing header removes labels, not the tabular schema. It is tempting because CSVs are plain text, but semi-structured data needs self-describing keys, as in JSON or XML.
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An image file
Why it's wrong here
An image file is unstructured: pixel or compressed binary data with no embedded field names or hierarchy for querying. It is tempting because metadata can be attached externally, but semi-structured data must carry its own tags or keys, such as JSON, XML or log entries.
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A table in a relational database
Why it's wrong here
A relational table enforces a fixed schema of typed columns, making it fully structured rather than semi-structured. It is tempting because tables underpin most analytics, but semi-structured data requires self-describing tags or keys, such as JSON or XML, where the schema travels with each record.
- ✓
A JSON file
Why this is correct
Semi-structured data carries organisational tags or keys but lacks a rigid relational schema. A JSON file uses nested key-value pairs and arrays, fitting this definition, whereas tables and CSV files are structured and free text or images are unstructured.
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