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Vulnerability Management →easyMultiple Choice

CS0-003 Vulnerability Management Practice Question

A security analyst is reviewing a vulnerability scan report and sees a critical finding with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8. The vector string is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Which of the following best describes the attack vector component (AV:N)?

⚠ Common exam trap

CS0-004 often tests the confusion between AV:N and AV:A, so candidates who read 'network' as 'same LAN segment' pick the adjacent value instead of the true network value.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The attacker can exploit the vulnerability over a network from a remote system

In CVSS v3.1, the Attack Vector (AV) metric describes how the vulnerability is exploited. AV:N (Network) means the vulnerable component is reachable over a network layer (e.g., the internet or a LAN) and the attacker does not need local or physical access. This is the most severe AV value and contributes to the high base score of 9.8 in the given vector.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✓

    The attacker can exploit the vulnerability over a network from a remote system

    Why this is correct

    In the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), an Attack Vector of Network (AV:N) means the vulnerability is exploitable from any remote system that can reach the target over a network connection. This includes sending specially crafted IP packets, protocol-specific requests, or application-layer payloads without requiring any prior authentication or local access. The attacker does not need to be co-located on the target's local subnet, merely capable of network connectivity.

  • ✗

    The attacker must be on the same physical network segment

    Why it's wrong here

    The CVSS Attack Vector of Adjacent (AV:A) describes a requirement where the attacker must reside on the same physical or logical network segment as the target, such as a switched Ethernet broadcast domain, a Wi-Fi network, or a Bluetooth personal area network. In contrast, Network (AV:N) explicitly allows remote exploitation across routing domains, so the threat does not depend on local segment proximity. Therefore, this answer incorrectly narrows the attack scope to a segment-level condition.

  • ✗

    The attacker requires local access to the target system

    Why it's wrong here

    The CVSS Attack Vector of Local (AV:L) denotes that the attacker must have acquired a local foothold on the target system, typically meaning they need to be able to execute code or commands on the device itself, often after gaining a low-privilege account or convincing the user to run a file. This is fundamentally different from Network (AV:N), which requires no local presence because the attack is delivered entirely over a network protocol. Accordingly, local access is not equivalent to remote network-based exploitation.

  • ✗

    The attacker must be physically present at the device

    Why it's wrong here

    The CVSS Attack Vector of Physical (AV:P) requires the attacker to have direct physical interaction with the hardware, such as opening the device chassis, attaching a debugging cable, booting from a malicious USB drive, or accessing a vendor maintenance port. This is the most restrictive possibility and implies the attacker cannot operate from anywhere except hands-on proximity. Because Network (AV:N) lacks any such physical presence requirement, this answer mistakenly equates remote exploitability with hardware-level access.

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JA

Written and reviewed by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

Last reviewed September 2026 · checked against the official CompTIA exam blueprint

This CS0-004 practice question is part of Courseiva's free CompTIA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CS0-004 exam.