AI0-001 AI Concepts and Foundations Practice Question
An AI system is being developed to diagnose diseases from medical images. The model achieves 99% accuracy on the test set, but when deployed in a different hospital, performance drops significantly. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?
⚠ Common exam trap
CompTIA often tests the distinction between overfitting and dataset shift, where candidates mistakenly attribute a deployment performance drop to overfitting even when test accuracy is high, missing the real issue of distribution mismatch.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
The training data does not represent the new hospital's population or imaging equipment.
The model's high accuracy on the test set but poor performance in a different hospital indicates a distribution shift between the training data and the deployment environment. This is a classic case of dataset shift, where the training data does not represent the new hospital's patient population or imaging equipment, leading to degraded model generalization.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The model is being attacked by adversarial examples.
Why it's wrong here
While possible, the drop is more likely due to distribution shift.
- ✓
The training data does not represent the new hospital's population or imaging equipment.
Why this is correct
Correct; domain shift is a common cause of performance degradation.
- ✗
The model is overfitted to the training data.
Why it's wrong here
Overfitting would show lower test accuracy, but here test accuracy was high.
- ✗
Data leakage occurred during preprocessing.
Why it's wrong here
Data leakage would inflate test accuracy, not cause drop after deployment.
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JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This AI0-001 practice question is part of Courseiva's free CompTIA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the AI0-001 exam.