AI0-001 AI Models and Data Engineering Practice Question
A medical imaging team is developing an AI model to detect tumors from CT scans. They have 10,000 labeled scans, but the labels were created by a semi-automated process with an estimated 20% error rate (mislabeled tumor vs. no tumor). The team trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) and achieves 90% accuracy on a held-out test set that was carefully validated by an expert radiologist. However, when deployed to a new hospital's patient population, the accuracy drops to 70%. The team suspects domain shift and label noise. Which strategy is most likely to improve model robustness for the new hospital?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Use active learning to select the most uncertain predictions from the new hospital's data, then have an expert radiologist correct those labels
Active learning selects the most uncertain predictions from the new hospital's data, allowing an expert radiologist to efficiently correct the most informative labels. This directly addresses both label noise (by correcting mislabeled examples) and domain shift (by focusing on samples where the model is uncertain in the new domain). Option B is wrong because random selection may not target the most impactful errors, wasting expert effort. Option C is wrong because adding more noisy labels from the same flawed process will amplify label noise without correcting the domain shift. Option D is wrong because reducing model complexity and dropout are regularization techniques that do not fix label noise or domain shift.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Use active learning to select the most uncertain predictions from the new hospital's data, then have an expert radiologist correct those labels
Why this is correct
Active learning targets the most informative samples, maximizing improvement per expert effort.
- ✗
Randomly select 1,000 scans from the new hospital and have them re-labeled by the radiologist
Why it's wrong here
Random selection may not focus on the most impactful corrections, and 1,000 may be insufficient.
- ✗
Collect 20,000 more scans with the same semi-automated labeling process
Why it's wrong here
Adding more noisy labels will not correct the underlying label noise and may worsen accuracy.
- ✗
Reduce the CNN's number of layers and apply dropout to combat overfitting
Why it's wrong here
This addresses overfitting but not label noise or domain shift; accuracy drop is likely due to distribution change.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
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