AI0-001 AI Governance and Ethics Practice Question
A company trains a large language model on a dataset that includes copyrighted books. Under current legal interpretations, which statement about copyright infringement is MOST accurate?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
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Training on copyrighted data without permission likely infringes copyright, though fair use may be a defense.
Training on copyrighted works without permission is generally considered copyright infringement, unless a specific exception applies (e.g., fair use in the US). Fair use is determined on a case-by-case basis and is not automatically granted. Using only public domain works avoids infringement. The EU AI Act does not provide blanket permission.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
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Training on copyrighted data is generally permissible under the EU AI Act.
Why it's wrong here
The EU AI Act imposes transparency and training-data disclosure duties on general-purpose models, but it does not legalise copying; infringement is judged under the EU Copyright Directive's reproduction and text-and-data-mining exceptions. It tempts because the Act does address training data, yet it governs market obligations, not the copyright permission itself.
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Training on copyrighted data is always covered by fair use in the US.
Why it's wrong here
US fair use is determined case-by-case via the four statutory factors; no blanket rule covers all training on copyrighted books. The doctrine genuinely permits some transformative uses, which makes the absolute claim tempting, but courts have reached differing outcomes.
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Training on copyrighted data is allowed as long as the model is not used commercially.
Why it's wrong here
Non-commercial use is not a defence: reproduction occurs when the books are ingested during training, and the fair-dealing or research exceptions are narrow and jurisdiction-specific. It tempts because academic and research mining exceptions exist, but they require non-commercial purpose plus lawful access, not merely avoiding commercial deployment of the finished model.
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Training on copyrighted data without permission likely infringes copyright, though fair use may be a defense.
Why this is correct
Copyright subsists automatically in original works, so reproducing books to train a model is prima facie infringement; fair use is only an affirmative defence, not a guarantee, and its success depends on the four statutory factors.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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