- A
Export the database, disable encryption, and import into a new database with a customer-managed key.
Why wrong: Unencrypted data is not acceptable for PHI.
- B
Enable encryption with a provider-managed key and restrict database access using a network ACL.
Why wrong: Provider-managed keys do not allow customer control or rotation.
- C
Re-encrypt the database using a customer-managed key in the cloud provider's key management service, and update the database security group to only allow traffic from the web server security group.
Customer-managed keys allow rotation, and security groups restrict access to the web tier only.
- D
Encrypt the web server's storage with a customer-managed key and keep the database encryption as is.
Why wrong: This does not address the database encryption and access control requirements.
CV0-004 Security Practice Question
This CV0-004 practice question tests your understanding of security. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A healthcare organization uses a cloud-based virtual private cloud (VPC) to host a web application that processes protected health information (PHI). The application consists of a public-facing load balancer, a web server tier in a public subnet, and a database tier in a private subnet. The database runs on a managed relational database service with encryption at rest enabled using a cloud provider-managed key. The security auditor requires that the database encryption key must be controlled by the organization and rotated every 90 days. Additionally, the database must only be accessible from the web server tier. The database is currently accessible from the entire VPC CIDR block. What should the cloud administrator do to meet these requirements?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Re-encrypt the database using a customer-managed key in the cloud provider's key management service, and update the database security group to only allow traffic from the web server security group.
Option B is correct because enabling encryption using a customer-managed key in the provider's KMS allows the organization to control and rotate the key, and updating the security group to allow traffic only from the web server tier's security group restricts access. Option A is wrong because provider-managed keys do not give the organization control. Option C is wrong because moving to an unencrypted database is not acceptable. Option D is wrong because encrypting the web server does not address database encryption or access control.
Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Export the database, disable encryption, and import into a new database with a customer-managed key.
Why it's wrong here
Unencrypted data is not acceptable for PHI.
- ✗
Enable encryption with a provider-managed key and restrict database access using a network ACL.
Why it's wrong here
Provider-managed keys do not allow customer control or rotation.
- ✓
Re-encrypt the database using a customer-managed key in the cloud provider's key management service, and update the database security group to only allow traffic from the web server security group.
Why this is correct
Customer-managed keys allow rotation, and security groups restrict access to the web tier only.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- ✗
Encrypt the web server's storage with a customer-managed key and keep the database encryption as is.
Why it's wrong here
This does not address the database encryption and access control requirements.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses
Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
- Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
- The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.
TExam Day Tips
- Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
- Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
- Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.
Key takeaway
Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A security administrator must allow nursing staff to reach a patient records server while blocking access from the guest Wi-Fi VLAN. After applying an extended ACL, traffic is still blocked from nursing workstations. The ACL was applied outbound instead of inbound on the wrong interface. Questions like this test ACL direction and placement rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related CV0-004 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CV0-004 question test?
Security — This question tests Security — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Re-encrypt the database using a customer-managed key in the cloud provider's key management service, and update the database security group to only allow traffic from the web server security group. — Option B is correct because enabling encryption using a customer-managed key in the provider's KMS allows the organization to control and rotate the key, and updating the security group to allow traffic only from the web server tier's security group restricts access. Option A is wrong because provider-managed keys do not give the organization control. Option C is wrong because moving to an unencrypted database is not acceptable. Option D is wrong because encrypting the web server does not address database encryption or access control.
What should I do if I get this CV0-004 question wrong?
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related CV0-004 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
What is the key concept behind this question?
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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