mediumMultiple Choice
Combine show ip route vrf and show ip bgp vpnv4 vrf to Confirm Route Installation
A network engineer runs the following command on Router R1:
R1# show ip route vrf CUSTOMER-A
VRF CUSTOMER-A: Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.0.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.100 L 10.0.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.100 B 10.0.2.0/24 [200/0] via 192.168.1.2, 00:12:34
Based on this output, what can be concluded?
⚠ Common exam trap
Cisco often tests the distinction between the 'Gateway of last resort' and BGP-learned default routes; candidates may incorrectly assume the default route is BGP-learned because BGP is present in the table, but the output explicitly shows the gateway is 10.0.1.1, not a BGP next-hop.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
VRF CUSTOMER-A has a BGP-learned route to 10.0.2.0/24
The output shows a BGP-learned route to 10.0.2.0/24 with the code 'B' and the administrative distance [200/0], indicating it is an external BGP route. The route is installed in the VRF CUSTOMER-A routing table, confirming that VRF CUSTOMER-A is using BGP and has learned this prefix via BGP from the next-hop 192.168.1.2.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
VRF CUSTOMER-A has a BGP-learned route to 10.0.2.0/24
Why this is correct
The correct answer is confirmed by the routing table entry for VRF CUSTOMER-A. The prefix 10.0.2.0/24 is prefixed with 'B', which designates a route learned via the Border Gateway Protocol. The next-hop of 192.168.1.2 is the BGP peer address or an eBGP neighbor, proving that BGP is actively exchanging routes within this VRF. Additionally, the route is present in the VRF's isolated routing table, meaning the BGP session is associated with the VRF via the address-family configuration.
- ✗
VRF CUSTOMER-A is not using BGP for routing
Why it's wrong here
This statement is incorrect because the routing table for VRF CUSTOMER-A explicitly includes a BGP entry. The 'B' code in the output is standard for Border Gateway Protocol routes, and the presence of this entry with a valid next-hop (192.168.1.2) proves BGP is operational for this VRF. BGP is often configured under 'router bgp' with an address-family ipv4 (or ipv6) vrf CUSTOMER-A to enable per-VRF route exchange. Therefore, claiming BGP is not used contradicts the direct evidence from the show ip route vrf output.
- ✗
The default route is learned via BGP
Why it's wrong here
The gateway of last resort being 10.0.1.1 does not mean the default route was learned via BGP. A default route in the routing table is shown as 0.0.0.0/0, and its source can be static configuration, connected, or a dynamic protocol such as OSPF or EIGRP. The BGP entry for 10.0.2.0/24 is a distinct, non-default prefix, and there is no indication in the output that a BGP-learned default route exists. It is equally plausible the default route is a static route pointed to 10.0.1.1 originating from the service provider or local configuration.
- ✗
GigabitEthernet0/0.100 is not associated with VRF CUSTOMER-A
Why it's wrong here
This is incorrect because the directly connected route for GigabitEthernet0/0.100 appears within the VRF CUSTOMER-A routing table. If the subinterface had not been associated with the VRF, its connected network would reside in the global routing table instead. A subinterface is placed into a VRF by issuing the 'vrf forwarding CUSTOMER-A' command under the interface configuration, which tags all subsequently learned routes on that interface with the VRF instance. Therefore, the presence of that interface's connected routes in the VRF table is definitive proof of association.
Visual reference
Quick reference
Routing Protocol Comparison
| Protocol | Metric | Max Hops | Algorithm | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIP v2 | Hop count | 15 | Bellman-Ford | Distance vector |
| OSPF | Cost (bandwidth) | Unlimited | Dijkstra (SPF) | Link state |
| EIGRP | Composite metric | Unlimited | DUAL | Hybrid |
| IS-IS | Cost | Unlimited | Dijkstra | Link state |
| BGP | Policy / attributes | Unlimited | Path vector | Path vector |
RIP's 15-hop limit makes it unsuitable for large networks. OSPF and EIGRP dominate modern enterprise deployments.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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