- A
The ingress LSR performs a label push operation.
The ingress LSR adds a label to an unlabeled IP packet to begin MPLS forwarding.
- B
The transit LSR performs a label swap operation.
A transit LSR replaces the incoming label with an outgoing label based on the forwarding table.
- C
The egress LSR always performs a label pop operation.
Why wrong: If PHP is used, the penultimate hop router pops the label, and the egress LSR receives an unlabeled packet. The egress LSR may pop only if it is also the penultimate hop.
- D
The penultimate hop router (PHP) performs a label pop operation.
PHP pops the label before forwarding the packet to the egress LSR, reducing the egress LSR's workload.
- E
Label operations are determined by the IP routing table.
Why wrong: Label operations are determined by the MPLS forwarding table (LFIB), not directly by the IP routing table, though the LFIB is built based on routing information.
300-410 MPLS Operations Practice Question
This 300-410 practice question tests your understanding of mpls operations. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which THREE statements about MPLS label operations (push, swap, pop) are true? (Choose THREE.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
The ingress LSR performs a label push operation.
In MPLS, the ingress LSR pushes a label, transit LSRs swap labels, and the penultimate hop router (PHP) pops the label. The egress LSR does not perform label operations if PHP is used. Label operations are based on the label forwarding table, not the routing table directly.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
The ingress LSR performs a label push operation.
Why this is correct
The ingress LSR adds a label to an unlabeled IP packet to begin MPLS forwarding.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✓
The transit LSR performs a label swap operation.
Why this is correct
A transit LSR replaces the incoming label with an outgoing label based on the forwarding table.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
The egress LSR always performs a label pop operation.
Why it's wrong here
If PHP is used, the penultimate hop router pops the label, and the egress LSR receives an unlabeled packet. The egress LSR may pop only if it is also the penultimate hop.
- ✓
The penultimate hop router (PHP) performs a label pop operation.
Why this is correct
PHP pops the label before forwarding the packet to the egress LSR, reducing the egress LSR's workload.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Label operations are determined by the IP routing table.
Why it's wrong here
Label operations are determined by the MPLS forwarding table (LFIB), not directly by the IP routing table, though the LFIB is built based on routing information.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
- Use explanations to understand the rule behind the answer.
TExam Day Tips
- Underline the problem statement mentally.
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A practitioner preparing for the 300-410 exam encounters this exact type of scenario on the job. The correct answer here is not the most general option — it is the best answer for the specific constraint described. Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option. Real exam questions reward reading the full scenario before eliminating options, because the constraint defines which answer fits.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which 300-410 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this 300-410 question test?
MPLS Operations — This question tests MPLS Operations — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: The ingress LSR performs a label push operation. — In MPLS, the ingress LSR pushes a label, transit LSRs swap labels, and the penultimate hop router (PHP) pops the label. The egress LSR does not perform label operations if PHP is used. Label operations are based on the label forwarding table, not the routing table directly.
What should I do if I get this 300-410 question wrong?
Identify which 300-410 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
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Last reviewed: Jun 18, 2026
This 300-410 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Cisco certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the 300-410 exam.
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