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200-901 Practice Question: An engineer is troubleshooting packet loss…

An engineer is troubleshooting packet loss between two hosts on different subnets. The traceroute shows that packets reach the first hop router but then stop. The router's ARP table shows an incomplete entry for the next-hop IP address. What is the most likely cause?

⚠ Common exam trap

Cisco often tests the distinction between Layer 2 failures (incomplete ARP) and Layer 3 failures (routing or ACL issues), tempting candidates to blame routing convergence or ACLs when the real problem is a missing ARP reply due to a physical or data-link problem.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The next-hop device is powered off or has a Layer 1 issue.

An incomplete ARP entry for the next-hop IP address indicates that the router sent an ARP request but received no reply. This typically means the next-hop device is unreachable at Layer 2, often because it is powered off, has a failed interface, or there is a cabling issue. Since traceroute shows packets reaching the first hop but not beyond, the Layer 2 failure at the next hop is the most direct cause.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The MTU is misconfigured on the outgoing interface.

    Why it's wrong here

    MTU issues cause packet drops but not ARP incompleteness.

  • The routing protocol has not converged yet.

    Why it's wrong here

    Routing convergence affects the route table, not ARP.

  • The next-hop device is powered off or has a Layer 1 issue.

    Why this is correct

    If the next-hop device is offline, the router cannot complete ARP.

  • An ACL is blocking traffic on the outgoing interface.

    Why it's wrong here

    ACLs drop packets after routing, they don't prevent ARP resolution.

Visual reference

192.168.1.0 /24 256 addresses (254 usable) 192.168.1.0 /25 Subnet A 128 addr (126 usable) 192.168.1.128 /25 Subnet B 128 addr (126 usable) Borrowing 1 bit from host portion creates 2 subnets (/25)

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JA

Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security

Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva

This 200-901 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Cisco certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the 200-901 exam.