The answer is Amazon EventBridge and AWS Lambda. This combination works because EventBridge can monitor CloudTrail API calls in real time by matching a specific event pattern for the `StopLogging` action, and then immediately invoke a Lambda function to respond—such as re-enabling the trail or sending an alert. On the AWS Certified SysOps Administrator Associate SOA-C02 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of event-driven automation versus configuration monitoring; a common trap is choosing AWS Config, which records resource changes but lacks the real-time, low-latency trigger needed to detect and respond to CloudTrail disable attempts. Remember that EventBridge acts as the always-listening guard, while Lambda is the automated responder—think "EventBridge catches, Lambda reacts."
SOA-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Question
This SOA-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security and compliance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses AWS CloudTrail to log API calls. The SysOps team needs to ensure that any attempt to disable CloudTrail logging is immediately detected and triggers an automated response. Which combination of services should be used? (Choose two.)
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "immediately / without restart"
Why it matters: Time or reboot constraint — the correct answer must take effect right away without requiring a reboot or reload.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
AWS Lambda
The correct answer is A and D. CloudWatch Events (Amazon EventBridge) can match a pattern for StopLogging API calls and trigger a Lambda function to take corrective action (e.g., re-enable logging). Options B and C are wrong because AWS Config records resource changes but is not real-time for event-driven responses. Option E is wrong because SQS alone does not process events.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
AWS Config
Why it's wrong here
AWS Config evaluates resource configurations but does not provide real-time event-driven automation.
✓
AWS Lambda
Why this is correct
Lambda can be triggered by EventBridge to automatically re-enable CloudTrail logging.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "immediately / without restart" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Amazon Inspector
Why it's wrong here
Amazon Inspector is for security assessments, not for responding to API calls.
✗
Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
Why it's wrong here
SQS is a message queue; it does not process events itself.
✓
Amazon EventBridge (CloudWatch Events)
Why this is correct
EventBridge can monitor CloudTrail API calls and invoke a Lambda function in response.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "immediately / without restart" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A cloud solutions architect for a retail company is evaluating services for a new workload. The correct answer here reflects best practice for the specific scenario described — not a general cloud recommendation. NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated. Cloud exam questions reward reading the constraint carefully: the same technology can be right or wrong depending on the use case.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SOA-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Security and Compliance — This question tests Security and Compliance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: AWS Lambda — The correct answer is A and D. CloudWatch Events (Amazon EventBridge) can match a pattern for StopLogging API calls and trigger a Lambda function to take corrective action (e.g., re-enable logging). Options B and C are wrong because AWS Config records resource changes but is not real-time for event-driven responses. Option E is wrong because SQS alone does not process events.
What should I do if I get this SOA-C02 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SOA-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "immediately / without restart". Time or reboot constraint — the correct answer must take effect right away without requiring a reboot or reload.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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