This PAS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of operations and maintenance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
An SAP environment on AWS includes multiple EC2 instances running SAP application servers. The operations team needs to capture and analyze all API calls made to AWS services by these instances. Which THREE services should be used together?
Amazon Athena
Athena can query CloudTrail logs directly in S3 using SQL.
AWS CloudTrail
CloudTrail records API calls made by IAM users or roles (including EC2 instance roles).
Amazon S3
CloudTrail logs are delivered to an S3 bucket.
AWS Config
Why wrong: Config records resource configuration changes, not API calls.
Amazon GuardDuty
Why wrong: GuardDuty is a threat detection service, not for analyzing API calls.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Amazon Athena
AWS CloudTrail captures API calls, Amazon S3 stores the logs, and Amazon Athena allows querying the logs. Alternatively, CloudWatch Logs can be used, but Athena is more cost-effective for ad-hoc analysis. The three correct services are CloudTrail, S3, and Athena.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Amazon Athena
Why this is correct
Athena can query CloudTrail logs directly in S3 using SQL.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
AWS CloudTrail
Why this is correct
CloudTrail records API calls made by IAM users or roles (including EC2 instance roles).
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Amazon S3
Why this is correct
CloudTrail logs are delivered to an S3 bucket.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
AWS Config
Why it's wrong here
Config records resource configuration changes, not API calls.
Amazon GuardDuty
Why it's wrong here
GuardDuty is a threat detection service, not for analyzing API calls.
Common exam traps
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
A startup's cloud architect reviews their monthly bill and notices costs are higher than expected for a long-running batch job. Switching from on-demand instances to Reserved Instances — or using Spot/Preemptible VMs — can reduce compute costs by up to 72 %. Questions like this test whether you understand the tradeoffs between commitment, flexibility, and cost across cloud pricing models.
What to study next
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related PAS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Operations and Maintenance — This question tests Operations and Maintenance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
The correct answer is: Amazon Athena — AWS CloudTrail captures API calls, Amazon S3 stores the logs, and Amazon Athena allows querying the logs. Alternatively, CloudWatch Logs can be used, but Athena is more cost-effective for ad-hoc analysis. The three correct services are CloudTrail, S3, and Athena.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related PAS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This PAS-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the PAS-C01 exam.
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