Question 177 of 1,746
Design Solutions for Organizational ComplexityhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity

This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": [
        "ec2:RunInstances",
        "ec2:StartInstances"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:instance/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringNotEquals": {
          "ec2:InstanceType": "t3.micro"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

An SCP is attached to a production OU. An IAM user in a member account under that OU attempts to launch an m5.large EC2 instance. What happens?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": [
        "ec2:RunInstances",
        "ec2:StartInstances"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:ec2:*:*:instance/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringNotEquals": {
          "ec2:InstanceType": "t3.micro"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The launch fails because the SCP denies the action.

The SCP explicitly denies the ec2:RunInstances action for any instance type except t3.micro. Since the user attempts to launch an m5.large, the condition does not match, so the default deny applies, and the launch fails. SCPs are evaluated before IAM policies, and an explicit deny in an SCP overrides any allow.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The launch succeeds because the condition evaluates to true.

    Why it's wrong here

    Condition evaluates to true (not equals t3.micro), so deny applies.

  • The launch succeeds because the SCP only denies StartInstances.

    Why it's wrong here

    The SCP denies both RunInstances and StartInstances.

  • The launch fails because the SCP denies the action.

    Why this is correct

    The condition matches, so the deny is applied.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • The launch succeeds because the SCP allows all instance types except t3.micro.

    Why it's wrong here

    The SCP denies, not allows.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates may misinterpret the condition logic, thinking the SCP allows all instance types except t3.micro, when in fact it denies all except t3.micro, causing the m5.large launch to fail.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

SCPs use a deny-by-default model; any action not explicitly allowed is implicitly denied. The condition in the SCP uses a StringNotEquals operator on ec2:InstanceType, which means the deny applies to any instance type that does not match 't3.micro'. This is a common pattern to restrict resource types across an entire OU without relying on individual account IAM policies.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SAP-C02 question test?

Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The launch fails because the SCP denies the action. — The SCP explicitly denies the ec2:RunInstances action for any instance type except t3.micro. Since the user attempts to launch an m5.large, the condition does not match, so the default deny applies, and the launch fails. SCPs are evaluated before IAM policies, and an explicit deny in an SCP overrides any allow.

What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026

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