- A
Configure Kinesis Data Firehose to read from the stream and deliver to S3, and use a Lambda function for enrichment.
Firehose handles buffering and delivery to S3; Lambda enriches records.
- B
Use Kinesis Data Analytics to archive data to S3.
Why wrong: Kinesis Data Analytics is for real-time analytics, not archiving.
- C
Use the Kinesis Client Library (KCL) to process records and write to S3.
Why wrong: KCL requires managing compute resources and is less cost-effective.
- D
Use a Lambda function to read from the stream and write to S3.
Why wrong: Lambda may struggle with high throughput and concurrency.
Question 981 of 1,746
SAP-C02 Design for New Solutions Practice Question
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design for new solutions. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A financial services company is designing a solution to process real-time stock trade data. The data is ingested via Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with a shard count of 10. Each shard receives 500 records per second, each record is 1 KB. The company needs to archive all raw data to Amazon S3 within 5 minutes of receipt and also run a Lambda function to enrich each record. What is the most cost-effective and scalable approach?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Configure Kinesis Data Firehose to read from the stream and deliver to S3, and use a Lambda function for enrichment.
Kinesis Data Firehose can directly subscribe to a Kinesis Data Stream as its source, automatically reading all records from the stream and delivering them to S3 with a configurable buffer interval (e.g., 60 seconds), easily meeting the 5-minute requirement. For enrichment, Firehose can invoke a Lambda function on each incoming record before delivery, making this a fully managed, serverless pipeline that scales without manual shard management or custom code.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Configure Kinesis Data Firehose to read from the stream and deliver to S3, and use a Lambda function for enrichment.
Why this is correct
Firehose handles buffering and delivery to S3; Lambda enriches records.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use Kinesis Data Analytics to archive data to S3.
Why it's wrong here
Kinesis Data Analytics is for real-time analytics, not archiving.
- ✗
Use the Kinesis Client Library (KCL) to process records and write to S3.
Why it's wrong here
KCL requires managing compute resources and is less cost-effective.
- ✗
Use a Lambda function to read from the stream and write to S3.
Why it's wrong here
Lambda may struggle with high throughput and concurrency.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often assume Lambda is the simplest way to process Kinesis streams, but they overlook Firehose's built-in Lambda integration and its ability to handle high-throughput archiving without custom scaling logic.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Kinesis Data Firehose uses a buffer interval (default 60 seconds, configurable down to 60 seconds) and buffer size (default 5 MB) to batch records before writing to S3, ensuring near-real-time delivery. The enrichment Lambda is invoked synchronously per Firehose batch, with a maximum execution time of 5 minutes (300 seconds), which aligns with the 5-minute requirement. Under the hood, Firehose automatically handles retries and error logging to CloudWatch, and it can compress (e.g., GZIP) and encrypt data before S3 delivery, reducing storage costs.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A startup's cloud architect reviews their monthly bill and notices costs are higher than expected for a long-running batch job. Switching from on-demand instances to Reserved Instances — or using Spot/Preemptible VMs — can reduce compute costs by up to 72 %. Questions like this test whether you understand the tradeoffs between commitment, flexibility, and cost across cloud pricing models.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design for New Solutions — This question tests Design for New Solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Configure Kinesis Data Firehose to read from the stream and deliver to S3, and use a Lambda function for enrichment. — Kinesis Data Firehose can directly subscribe to a Kinesis Data Stream as its source, automatically reading all records from the stream and delivering them to S3 with a configurable buffer interval (e.g., 60 seconds), easily meeting the 5-minute requirement. For enrichment, Firehose can invoke a Lambda function on each incoming record before delivery, making this a fully managed, serverless pipeline that scales without manual shard management or custom code.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.
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