- A
Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by CloudTrail events to automatically tag approved roles.
Automates tagging after approval.
- B
Use a service control policy (SCP) to deny iam:CreateRole unless a specific tag (e.g., 'Approved') is present.
SCPs can enforce tag-based conditions.
- C
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy IAM roles across accounts.
Why wrong: Does not enforce approval.
- D
Enable AWS CloudTrail to log all IAM role creation events.
Why wrong: Logging does not enforce approval.
- E
Use AWS Config rules to detect roles without the 'Approved' tag and mark them as non-compliant.
Reactive enforcement and visibility.
Question 567 of 1,746
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses AWS Organizations and wants to implement a least-privilege model for IAM roles. The security team needs to ensure that no IAM role can be created without an approval workflow. Which THREE steps should the company take?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"least"Why it matters: You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by CloudTrail events to automatically tag approved roles.
Option A is correct because an AWS Lambda function triggered by CloudTrail events can automatically tag newly created IAM roles with an 'Approved' tag as part of an approval workflow. This ensures that only roles that have gone through the approval process receive the required tag, enabling downstream enforcement via SCPs or AWS Config.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by CloudTrail events to automatically tag approved roles.
Why this is correct
Automates tagging after approval.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✓
Use a service control policy (SCP) to deny iam:CreateRole unless a specific tag (e.g., 'Approved') is present.
Why this is correct
SCPs can enforce tag-based conditions.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy IAM roles across accounts.
Why it's wrong here
Does not enforce approval.
- ✗
Enable AWS CloudTrail to log all IAM role creation events.
Why it's wrong here
Logging does not enforce approval.
- ✓
Use AWS Config rules to detect roles without the 'Approved' tag and mark them as non-compliant.
Why this is correct
Reactive enforcement and visibility.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse auditing (CloudTrail) with enforcement, or assume that deployment automation (CloudFormation StackSets) inherently includes approval workflows, when in fact neither provides the required preventive control.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
The combination of SCPs and AWS Config rules creates a defense-in-depth approach: the SCP denies iam:CreateRole unless the 'Approved' tag is present, blocking unauthorized creation at the API level, while AWS Config rules detect and flag non-compliant roles for remediation. Under the hood, SCPs are evaluated before IAM policies, so a deny in an SCP overrides any allow, making tag-based enforcement highly effective. In a real-world scenario, a Lambda function can integrate with a ticketing system (e.g., ServiceNow) to add the tag only after manual approval, ensuring no role bypasses the workflow.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
Quick reference
Cloud Service Model Comparison
| Model | You Manage | Provider Manages | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| IaaS | OS, runtime, apps, data | Hardware, hypervisor, networking | EC2, Azure VMs, GCP Compute Engine |
| PaaS | Apps and data | OS, runtime, middleware, hardware | Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service |
| SaaS | Data and settings only | Everything else | Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Workday |
| FaaS / Serverless | Function code only | Infra, scaling, runtime | Lambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Run |
| CaaS | Containers and apps | Kubernetes, OS, hardware | EKS, AKS, GKE |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by CloudTrail events to automatically tag approved roles. — Option A is correct because an AWS Lambda function triggered by CloudTrail events can automatically tag newly created IAM roles with an 'Approved' tag as part of an approval workflow. This ensures that only roles that have gone through the approval process receive the required tag, enabling downstream enforcement via SCPs or AWS Config.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "least". You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.
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