- A
Add a bucket policy on the central S3 bucket that grants the service principal 'delivery.logs.amazonaws.com' s3:PutObject permission.
This allows the Flow Logs service to write to the bucket.
- B
Create an IAM role in the logging account that the member accounts can assume to put objects.
Why wrong: VPC Flow Logs does not use IAM roles for delivery.
- C
Create an S3 bucket in each member account to receive Flow Logs, and replicate to the central bucket.
Why wrong: Replication adds complexity; direct delivery is simpler.
- D
Configure VPC Flow Logs in each member account to deliver to the central S3 bucket.
VPC Flow Logs can be delivered to an S3 bucket in another account.
- E
Enable AWS CloudTrail in the management account to aggregate logs.
Why wrong: CloudTrail is for API logs, not VPC Flow Logs.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has a centralized logging account and multiple member accounts. The member accounts generate VPC Flow Logs that need to be sent to a central S3 bucket in the logging account. Which TWO steps must be taken to enable this cross-account delivery?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Add a bucket policy on the central S3 bucket that grants the service principal 'delivery.logs.amazonaws.com' s3:PutObject permission.
Option A is correct because the S3 bucket policy must grant the `delivery.logs.amazonaws.com` service principal the `s3:PutObject` permission. This allows the VPC Flow Logs delivery service, which runs in the member accounts, to write log data directly into the central S3 bucket in the logging account without requiring cross-account IAM roles or temporary credentials.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Add a bucket policy on the central S3 bucket that grants the service principal 'delivery.logs.amazonaws.com' s3:PutObject permission.
Why this is correct
This allows the Flow Logs service to write to the bucket.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Create an IAM role in the logging account that the member accounts can assume to put objects.
Why it's wrong here
VPC Flow Logs does not use IAM roles for delivery.
- ✗
Create an S3 bucket in each member account to receive Flow Logs, and replicate to the central bucket.
Why it's wrong here
Replication adds complexity; direct delivery is simpler.
- ✓
Configure VPC Flow Logs in each member account to deliver to the central S3 bucket.
Why this is correct
VPC Flow Logs can be delivered to an S3 bucket in another account.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Enable AWS CloudTrail in the management account to aggregate logs.
Why it's wrong here
CloudTrail is for API logs, not VPC Flow Logs.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often assume cross-account access always requires an IAM role (Option B), but VPC Flow Logs use a service principal and bucket policy instead, which is a unique pattern tested in SAP-C02.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Under the hood, when you configure VPC Flow Logs to deliver to a cross-account S3 bucket, the AWS VPC Flow Logs service uses the `delivery.logs.amazonaws.com` service principal to write objects. The bucket policy must include a condition that restricts access to the specific member account IDs or the log delivery service to prevent unauthorized writes. This mechanism avoids the need for IAM roles or STS token exchanges, simplifying the cross-account architecture.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Add a bucket policy on the central S3 bucket that grants the service principal 'delivery.logs.amazonaws.com' s3:PutObject permission. — Option A is correct because the S3 bucket policy must grant the `delivery.logs.amazonaws.com` service principal the `s3:PutObject` permission. This allows the VPC Flow Logs delivery service, which runs in the member accounts, to write log data directly into the central S3 bucket in the logging account without requiring cross-account IAM roles or temporary credentials.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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