- A
Set the bucket policy to allow the source accounts to write logs, and enable default encryption on the bucket with the KMS key.
Why wrong: Default encryption alone does not grant the log delivery service access to use the KMS key.
- B
Use a bucket policy in the logging account that grants the S3 log delivery service principal access to write objects, and configure the KMS key policy to allow the log delivery service to use the key.
The S3 logging service uses the log delivery group (log-delivery.log.amazonaws.com) and needs both bucket policy and KMS key policy permissions.
- C
Create an IAM role in the logging account and allow the source accounts to assume it, then configure the source accounts to use that role for logging.
Why wrong: S3 server access logging does not support assuming roles; it uses the bucket policy.
- D
Configure the logging account's KMS key with a policy that allows the S3 service to use it, and set the bucket policy to allow the source accounts to write logs.
Why wrong: The S3 logging service uses the bucket owner's permissions, not the source account's.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has multiple AWS accounts and wants to centralize logging from all accounts to a single S3 bucket in a logging account. The logs must be encrypted with a KMS key managed by the logging account. What is the MOST secure way to allow cross-account S3 server access logs?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Use a bucket policy in the logging account that grants the S3 log delivery service principal access to write objects, and configure the KMS key policy to allow the log delivery service to use the key.
Option B is correct because S3 server access logs are delivered by the S3 log delivery service, which operates under the service principal `log-delivery.log.amazonaws.com`. To allow cross-account log delivery to a KMS-encrypted bucket, the bucket policy must grant `s3:PutObject` to that service principal, and the KMS key policy must grant `kms:GenerateDataKey` and `kms:Decrypt` to the same service principal. This ensures the logging account retains full control of the key while enabling secure, auditable log delivery from any source account.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Set the bucket policy to allow the source accounts to write logs, and enable default encryption on the bucket with the KMS key.
Why it's wrong here
Default encryption alone does not grant the log delivery service access to use the KMS key.
- ✓
Use a bucket policy in the logging account that grants the S3 log delivery service principal access to write objects, and configure the KMS key policy to allow the log delivery service to use the key.
Why this is correct
The S3 logging service uses the log delivery group (log-delivery.log.amazonaws.com) and needs both bucket policy and KMS key policy permissions.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Create an IAM role in the logging account and allow the source accounts to assume it, then configure the source accounts to use that role for logging.
Why it's wrong here
S3 server access logging does not support assuming roles; it uses the bucket policy.
- ✗
Configure the logging account's KMS key with a policy that allows the S3 service to use it, and set the bucket policy to allow the source accounts to write logs.
Why it's wrong here
The S3 logging service uses the bucket owner's permissions, not the source account's.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap is that candidates often try to use the S3 service principal (s3.amazonaws.com) or assume that the source account needs KMS key permissions. The correct approach requires the specific log delivery service principal (log-delivery.log.amazonaws.com) and proper key policy that allows that principal to use the KMS key.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
S3 server access log delivery uses a distinct service principal (`logging.s3.amazonaws.com`) that is separate from the general S3 service principal. The KMS key policy must include a statement with `AWS:SourceArn` condition to restrict log delivery to only the specific source bucket ARNs, preventing confused deputy attacks. In practice, you must also enable S3 bucket logging on the source bucket and specify the target bucket and a prefix; the log delivery service then writes objects using its own credentials, not those of the source account.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Use a bucket policy in the logging account that grants the S3 log delivery service principal access to write objects, and configure the KMS key policy to allow the log delivery service to use the key. — Option B is correct because S3 server access logs are delivered by the S3 log delivery service, which operates under the service principal `log-delivery.log.amazonaws.com`. To allow cross-account log delivery to a KMS-encrypted bucket, the bucket policy must grant `s3:PutObject` to that service principal, and the KMS key policy must grant `kms:GenerateDataKey` and `kms:Decrypt` to the same service principal. This ensures the logging account retains full control of the key while enabling secure, auditable log delivery from any source account.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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