SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Refer to the exhibit. A company applies this S3 bucket policy to a central logging bucket. CloudTrail trails in multiple accounts are configured to deliver logs to this bucket. Recently, logs stopped being delivered. What is the most likely cause?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "most likely"
Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
CloudTrail does not automatically set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL when delivering logs.
Option A is correct because when CloudTrail delivers logs to an S3 bucket owned by a different account, it does not automatically set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL on the delivered objects. Without this ACL, the bucket owner (the central logging account) does not have full control over the objects, and the bucket policy's Deny statement (which requires s3:GetObjectAcl and s3:PutObjectAcl for bucket-owner-full-control) will block access, causing log delivery to fail. The solution is to configure CloudTrail to apply the 'bucket-owner-full-control' canned ACL or modify the bucket policy to grant the bucket owner full control via a different mechanism.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✓
CloudTrail does not automatically set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL when delivering logs.
Why this is correct
The condition requires the ACL, but CloudTrail does not set it, causing denial.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
The Principal element uses 'cloudtrail.amazonaws.com' which is not the correct service principal.
Why it's wrong here
It is the correct service principal.
✗
The Resource ARN does not include the account ID, so it matches all accounts.
Why it's wrong here
The resource ARN is correct for the prefix.
✗
The policy uses 'Deny' which is not allowed in S3 bucket policies.
Why it's wrong here
Deny is allowed in bucket policies.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often overlook the ACL requirement for cross-account S3 log delivery, assuming that a bucket policy alone is sufficient to grant the bucket owner full control, when in fact CloudTrail must be explicitly configured to set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Under the hood, when CloudTrail writes log objects to a cross-account bucket, it uses the PutObject API call. By default, the ACL on the object is set to 'bucket-owner-full-control' only if the delivering account explicitly requests it via the x-amz-acl header. Without this, the object's ACL grants full control to the log-delivering account but only read access to the bucket owner. The bucket policy's Deny statement that checks for 's3:GetObjectAcl' and 's3:PutObjectAcl' conditions will then block access because the bucket owner cannot manage the ACLs on objects it does not fully control. This is a common misconfiguration in multi-account logging setups.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
Visual reference
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
Storage Class
Min Duration
Retrieval
Use Case
S3 Standard
None
Immediate
Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA
30 days
Immediate
Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA
30 days
Immediate
Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering
None
Immediate–hours
Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant
90 days
Milliseconds
Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible
90 days
Minutes–hours
Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive
180 days
Hours
Long-term compliance archive
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: CloudTrail does not automatically set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL when delivering logs. — Option A is correct because when CloudTrail delivers logs to an S3 bucket owned by a different account, it does not automatically set the 'bucket-owner-full-control' ACL on the delivered objects. Without this ACL, the bucket owner (the central logging account) does not have full control over the objects, and the bucket policy's Deny statement (which requires s3:GetObjectAcl and s3:PutObjectAcl for bucket-owner-full-control) will block access, causing log delivery to fail. The solution is to configure CloudTrail to apply the 'bucket-owner-full-control' canned ACL or modify the bucket policy to grant the bucket owner full control via a different mechanism.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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