- A
Set up VPC Flow Logs at the VPC level and CloudTrail at the account level, then use Lambda to copy logs to the central bucket.
Why wrong: This is complex and not automatic for new accounts; does not prevent disabling.
- B
Use AWS Config rules to detect when logs are not being sent and automatically re-enable logging.
Why wrong: This is reactive, not preventive; logging can be disabled before detection.
- C
Create an organization trail in CloudTrail and store logs in the central bucket. Attach an SCP to the root that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy for the central bucket.
Organization trail automatically applies to all accounts; SCP prevents disabling logging by blocking bucket policy changes.
- D
Create individual trails per account and use S3 cross-region replication to copy logs to the central bucket.
Why wrong: Individual trails require manual setup for new accounts and don't prevent disabling logging.
Quick Answer
The correct solution is to create an organization trail in CloudTrail and attach an SCP to the root that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy for the central bucket. This works because an organization trail automatically enables CloudTrail for all existing and future accounts in the AWS Organization, delivering logs to the designated central S3 bucket without manual setup. The SCP prevents any account from altering the bucket policy, which is the only way to block CloudTrail’s write access—denying s3:PutBucketPolicy at the root level ensures no account, including the logging account, can disable log delivery. On the SAP-C02 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of centralized logging organization trail SCP prevent disable mechanics, often appearing as a trap where candidates mistakenly choose IAM roles or per-account trails. The key insight is that SCPs control what actions are allowed at the account level, while organization trails handle automatic enrollment. Memory tip: “Trail for all, SCP for the wall”—the trail covers every account, and the SCP walls off the bucket policy.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A startup is deploying a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They have a central logging account where all VPC Flow Logs and CloudTrail logs are stored in an S3 bucket. The security team requires that all accounts in the organization, including future accounts, automatically send logs to this central bucket. They also want to prevent any account from disabling logging. Which solution meets these requirements?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Create an organization trail in CloudTrail and store logs in the central bucket. Attach an SCP to the root that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy for the central bucket.
AWS Organizations allows you to create service control policies (SCPs) that can deny actions across accounts. Using an SCP to deny the s3:PutBucketPolicy action on the central bucket ensures that no account can change the bucket policy to block log delivery. Additionally, enabling CloudTrail for all regions and all accounts with an organization trail ensures automatic log delivery. Option A is correct.
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Set up VPC Flow Logs at the VPC level and CloudTrail at the account level, then use Lambda to copy logs to the central bucket.
Why it's wrong here
This is complex and not automatic for new accounts; does not prevent disabling.
- ✗
Use AWS Config rules to detect when logs are not being sent and automatically re-enable logging.
Why it's wrong here
This is reactive, not preventive; logging can be disabled before detection.
- ✓
Create an organization trail in CloudTrail and store logs in the central bucket. Attach an SCP to the root that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy for the central bucket.
Why this is correct
Organization trail automatically applies to all accounts; SCP prevents disabling logging by blocking bucket policy changes.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- ✗
Create individual trails per account and use S3 cross-region replication to copy logs to the central bucket.
Why it's wrong here
Individual trails require manual setup for new accounts and don't prevent disabling logging.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SAP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create an organization trail in CloudTrail and store logs in the central bucket. Attach an SCP to the root that denies s3:PutBucketPolicy for the central bucket. — AWS Organizations allows you to create service control policies (SCPs) that can deny actions across accounts. Using an SCP to deny the s3:PutBucketPolicy action on the central bucket ensures that no account can change the bucket policy to block log delivery. Additionally, enabling CloudTrail for all regions and all accounts with an organization trail ensures automatic log delivery. Option A is correct.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SAP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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