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Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is the Lambda function lacks a resource-based policy that allows S3 to invoke it. This is the most likely cause because, even when an S3 bucket notification is correctly configured, Lambda operates on a resource-based permission model: the function itself must explicitly grant the S3 service permission to invoke it via a policy attached to the function, not just to the bucket. On the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of cross-service invocation permissions, a common trap where candidates assume bucket notifications alone are sufficient. The exam frequently pairs this with IAM roles for Lambda execution (which handle permissions for Lambda to access other services) versus resource-based policies (which handle permissions for other services to invoke Lambda). A memory tip: think of it as the function’s “front door” policy—S3 needs a key to knock, and that key is the resource-based policy, not the bucket notification configuration.

SAP-C02 Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions Practice Question

This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of continuous improvement for existing solutions. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Resources:
  MyBucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: my-unique-bucket-name
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled
  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Handler: index.handler
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
          exports.handler = async (event) => {
            console.log('Processing event:', JSON.stringify(event));
            return 'Success';
          };
      Runtime: nodejs14.x
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: LambdaPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: '2012-10-17'
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action: logs:CreateLogGroup
                Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:*
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - logs:CreateLogStream
                  - logs:PutLogEvents
                Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:*
  BucketNotification:
    Type: AWS::S3::BucketNotification
    DependsOn: MyLambdaFunction
    Properties:
      Bucket: !Ref MyBucket
      NotificationConfiguration:
        LambdaFunctionConfigurations:
          - LambdaFunctionArn: !GetAtt MyLambdaFunction.Arn
            Events:
              - s3:ObjectCreated:*

A solutions architect deployed the above CloudFormation template. However, the Lambda function is not triggered when objects are uploaded to the S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Resources:
  MyBucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: my-unique-bucket-name
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled
  MyLambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Handler: index.handler
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
          exports.handler = async (event) => {
            console.log('Processing event:', JSON.stringify(event));
            return 'Success';
          };
      Runtime: nodejs14.x
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: LambdaPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: '2012-10-17'
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action: logs:CreateLogGroup
                Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:*
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - logs:CreateLogStream
                  - logs:PutLogEvents
                Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:*
  BucketNotification:
    Type: AWS::S3::BucketNotification
    DependsOn: MyLambdaFunction
    Properties:
      Bucket: !Ref MyBucket
      NotificationConfiguration:
        LambdaFunctionConfigurations:
          - LambdaFunctionArn: !GetAtt MyLambdaFunction.Arn
            Events:
              - s3:ObjectCreated:*

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The Lambda function lacks a resource-based policy that allows S3 to invoke it.

Option D is correct. The Lambda function's resource-based policy must allow S3 to invoke it. The template does not add any resource-based policy. Option A is wrong because the bucket notification is configured. Option B is wrong because the role allows CloudWatch Logs. Option C is wrong because the Lambda function code does not need to read S3 for the trigger to work.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The BucketNotification resource depends on MyLambdaFunction, but the notification configuration is incorrect.

    Why it's wrong here

    The configuration appears correct.

  • ✓

    The Lambda function lacks a resource-based policy that allows S3 to invoke it.

    Why this is correct

    Without an 'InvokeFunction' permission for S3, the trigger will fail.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • ✗

    The Lambda execution role does not have permission to access S3.

    Why it's wrong here

    The role only needs CloudWatch Logs permissions for logging; S3 trigger does not need S3 access.

  • ✗

    The Lambda function code does not read the S3 object content.

    Why it's wrong here

    The trigger works regardless of whether the function reads the object.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
  • Use explanations to understand the rule behind the answer.

TExam Day Tips

  • Underline the problem statement mentally.
  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which SAP-C02 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SAP-C02 question test?

Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions — This question tests Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The Lambda function lacks a resource-based policy that allows S3 to invoke it. — Option D is correct. The Lambda function's resource-based policy must allow S3 to invoke it. The template does not add any resource-based policy. Option A is wrong because the bucket notification is configured. Option B is wrong because the role allows CloudWatch Logs. Option C is wrong because the Lambda function code does not need to read S3 for the trigger to work.

What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?

Identify which SAP-C02 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026

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