SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::222222222222:role/CrossAccountRole"
      },
      "Action": "s3:PutObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::central-logging-bucket/AWSLogs/111111111111/*"
    }
  ]
}

A security engineer created the above bucket policy on the central-logging-bucket in account 111111111111. They want account 222222222222 to deliver CloudTrail logs to this bucket. What is missing?

⚠ Common exam trap

Test-takers frequently assume cross-account access requires an IAM role, but CloudTrail uses a service principal instead, making the role-based option (B) a distractor.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

The bucket policy must grant s3:PutObject to the CloudTrail service principal, not to a role.

CloudTrail delivers logs to S3 buckets by assuming a service-linked role, but the bucket policy must explicitly grant the `s3:PutObject` permission to the CloudTrail service principal (`cloudtrail.amazonaws.com`) rather than to an IAM role in the target account. This is because CloudTrail uses its own service principal to write logs, not a cross-account IAM role. Without this permission, the CloudTrail delivery will fail with an access denied error.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
The prefix AWSLogs/111111111111 is incorrect; it should use the source account ID 222222222222.
Why it's wrong here
The prefix should be the source account ID.
✗
The role CrossAccountRole does not exist in account 222222222222.
Why it's wrong here
The policy references the role ARN; it must exist.
✓
The bucket policy must grant s3:PutObject to the CloudTrail service principal, not to a role.
Why this is correct
CloudTrail uses its own service principal to write logs.
✗
The bucket must be in the same account as CloudTrail.
Why it's wrong here
Cross-account delivery is supported.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage Class	Min Duration	Retrieval	Use Case
S3 Standard	None	Immediate	Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA	30 days	Immediate	Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA	30 days	Immediate	Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering	None	Immediate–hours	Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant	90 days	Milliseconds	Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible	90 days	Minutes–hours	Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive	180 days	Hours	Long-term compliance archive

Go deeper

SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity

Exhibit

Why each option matters

Option-by-option breakdown

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Related to this question