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Question 542 of 1,746

Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is to enable drift detection on the StackSet with automatic remediation and apply an SCP that denies VPC-altering actions unless performed by the StackSet service role. This solution is correct because it combines proactive enforcement with automated correction: CloudFormation StackSets continuously monitor for configuration drift across all 200+ accounts and automatically restore the standard 10.0.0.0/16 VPC, while the SCP acts as a hard guardrail to block any unauthorized manual changes at the account level. On the SAP-C02 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of governance at scale—specifically how to enforce consistent VPC configuration across a multi-account AWS environment without relying on reactive audits or custom scripting. A common trap is choosing a Config rule-based approach, which only detects drift but cannot automatically remediate or prevent it. Remember the mnemonic “StackSet + SCP = Set in Stone” to recall that the most efficient solution pairs automated stack remediation with organization-wide service control policies.

SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity

This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A large enterprise has a multi-account AWS environment with over 200 accounts organized under AWS Organizations. The central platform team uses AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy a standard VPC with a CIDR of 10.0.0.0/16 into each account. Recently, a business unit created a new account that was not included in the StackSet deployment, and the team manually deployed the VPC using a CloudFormation template. Now, the central team wants to ensure that all accounts have exactly the same VPC configuration and that any drift is automatically corrected. The team also wants to prevent unauthorized changes to the VPC configuration. What is the MOST efficient and secure solution?

Question 1hardmultiple choice

Review the full subnetting walkthrough →

A
Create a custom Amazon EventBridge rule that catches VPC modification events and automatically re-deploys the CloudFormation stack.
Why wrong: This requires custom event handling and may not cover all drift scenarios.
B
Use AWS Service Catalog to create a VPC product and require all accounts to provision VPCs through the product.
Why wrong: Service Catalog does not automatically manage existing resources or detect drift.
C
Use AWS Config rules to detect VPC changes and trigger a Lambda function to revert them.
Why wrong: This is reactive and may have race conditions; it does not prevent drift efficiently.
D
Enable drift detection on the StackSet and configure automatic stack drift remediation. Additionally, apply an SCP that denies ec2:CreateVpc, ec2:DeleteVpc, ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute, and similar actions unless they are performed by the StackSet's service role.
StackSets drift detection and SCPs provide automated correction and prevention.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Enable drift detection on the StackSet and configure automatic stack drift remediation. Additionally, apply an SCP that denies ec2:CreateVpc, ec2:DeleteVpc, ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute, and similar actions unless they are performed by the StackSet's service role.

Option C is correct because AWS CloudFormation StackSets with drift detection and automatic remediation can detect and correct any changes to the VPC stack across all accounts. SCPs can then deny changes to the VPC resources outside of StackSets, preventing unauthorized modifications. Option A is reactive and does not prevent drift. Option B requires custom development and is less integrated. Option D is not integrated with StackSets and requires manual steps.

Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Create a custom Amazon EventBridge rule that catches VPC modification events and automatically re-deploys the CloudFormation stack.
Why it's wrong here
This requires custom event handling and may not cover all drift scenarios.
✗
Use AWS Service Catalog to create a VPC product and require all accounts to provision VPCs through the product.
Why it's wrong here
Service Catalog does not automatically manage existing resources or detect drift.
✗
Use AWS Config rules to detect VPC changes and trigger a Lambda function to revert them.
Why it's wrong here
This is reactive and may have race conditions; it does not prevent drift efficiently.
✓
Enable drift detection on the StackSet and configure automatic stack drift remediation. Additionally, apply an SCP that denies ec2:CreateVpc, ec2:DeleteVpc, ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute, and similar actions unless they are performed by the StackSet's service role.
Why this is correct
StackSets drift detection and SCPs provide automated correction and prevention.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses

Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.

Trap categories for this question

Scenario analysis trap
This requires custom event handling and may not cover all drift scenarios.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.

KKey Concepts to Remember

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.

TExam Day Tips

Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.

Key takeaway

Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SAP-C02 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SAP-C02 question test?

Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Enable drift detection on the StackSet and configure automatic stack drift remediation. Additionally, apply an SCP that denies ec2:CreateVpc, ec2:DeleteVpc, ec2:ModifyVpcAttribute, and similar actions unless they are performed by the StackSet's service role. — Option C is correct because AWS CloudFormation StackSets with drift detection and automatic remediation can detect and correct any changes to the VPC stack across all accounts. SCPs can then deny changes to the VPC resources outside of StackSets, preventing unauthorized modifications. Option A is reactive and does not prevent drift. Option B requires custom development and is less integrated. Option D is not integrated with StackSets and requires manual steps.

What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

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