SAP-C02 Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions Practice Question
A company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure. The operations team wants to implement a change management process that requires approval before stack updates can proceed. Which TWO approaches can achieve this?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create a service role with specific IAM policies and require that updates be initiated with that role.
Options B and E are correct. Using a service role with specific IAM policies (B) ensures that only authorized roles can initiate stack updates, enforcing an approval workflow. CloudFormation change sets (E) allow the operations team to review proposed changes before executing them, providing a mechanism for approval. Option A is incorrect because StackSets are used for deploying across multiple accounts and regions, not for approval workflows. Option C is incorrect because manually reviewing template changes before uploading to S3 is not a built-in CloudFormation mechanism for change management. Option D is incorrect because stack policies protect specific resources from being updated or deleted, but they do not enforce an approval process for updates.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy updates across multiple accounts.
Why it's wrong here
StackSets are for multi-account deployments, not change approval.
- ✓
Create a service role with specific IAM policies and require that updates be initiated with that role.
Why this is correct
By controlling who can assume the service role, you can enforce approval workflows.
- ✗
Manually review all template changes before uploading to S3.
Why it's wrong here
Manual review is not a built-in CloudFormation feature for automated approval.
- ✗
Configure a stack policy to prevent updates to critical resources.
Why it's wrong here
Stack policies protect resources from unintentional updates, but do not enforce an approval process.
- ✓
Use CloudFormation change sets to review proposed changes before executing them.
Why this is correct
Change sets allow you to preview changes and approve before execution.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
Go deeper
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.