SAP-C02 Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions Practice Question
A company runs a web application on EC2 instances behind an ALB. They want to improve the security posture by implementing defense in depth. Which TWO measures should they implement? (Choose TWO.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Configure security groups to restrict traffic to only necessary ports.
Defense in depth involves multiple layers of security. Option D (security groups) acts as a virtual firewall at the instance level, restricting traffic to only necessary ports. Option E (AWS WAF) helps filter common web exploits at the application layer. Option A (public S3) does not improve security. Option B (public subnets) increases exposure. Option C (direct internet access) bypasses the ALB and security layers.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Store static assets in a public S3 bucket.
Why it's wrong here
Public S3 buckets can be a security risk if misconfigured.
- ✗
Place EC2 instances in public subnets for easier management.
Why it's wrong here
Public subnets expose instances to more risk.
- ✗
Allow direct internet access to the EC2 instances.
Why it's wrong here
Direct internet access bypasses the ALB and reduces security.
- ✓
Configure security groups to restrict traffic to only necessary ports.
Why this is correct
Security groups act as a firewall for EC2 instances.
- ✓
Use AWS WAF to filter common web exploits.
Why this is correct
WAF adds a layer of protection at the application level.
Visual reference
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
Go deeper
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JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.