- A
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, AWS Lambda to transform and aggregate, Amazon S3 for storage.
Why wrong: Lambda is not efficient for continuous streaming aggregation; it works per record or batch but not for sliding windows.
- B
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to aggregate in real-time, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver aggregated data to S3, and an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire raw data after 30 days.
This design uses serverless services for real-time ingestion, aggregation, and cost-effective storage.
- C
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver to S3, and Amazon Athena to query raw data.
Why wrong: Athena can query S3 but does not aggregate in real-time; also raw data stored for month in S3 is expensive.
- D
Amazon SQS to ingest data, AWS Lambda to process and aggregate, Amazon DynamoDB for raw data, S3 for summaries.
Why wrong: SQS is not designed for high-throughput streaming; also DynamoDB for raw data is expensive.
SAP-C02 Design for New Solutions Practice Question
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design for new solutions. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is designing a real-time analytics platform that ingests data from thousands of IoT devices. Each device sends a JSON payload every second. The company needs to store the raw data for a month and then aggregate it into hourly summaries for long-term storage. The solution must be serverless and cost-effective. Which combination of AWS services should the company use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to aggregate in real-time, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver aggregated data to S3, and an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire raw data after 30 days.
Option D is correct because Kinesis Data Streams ingests real-time data, Kinesis Data Analytics performs real-time aggregation, and Firehose delivers to S3. Option A uses Lambda for aggregation, which is not ideal for streaming aggregations. Option B uses SQS, which is not designed for real-time streaming. Option C misses the real-time aggregation step.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, AWS Lambda to transform and aggregate, Amazon S3 for storage.
Why it's wrong here
Lambda is not efficient for continuous streaming aggregation; it works per record or batch but not for sliding windows.
- ✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to aggregate in real-time, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver aggregated data to S3, and an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire raw data after 30 days.
Why this is correct
This design uses serverless services for real-time ingestion, aggregation, and cost-effective storage.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver to S3, and Amazon Athena to query raw data.
Why it's wrong here
Athena can query S3 but does not aggregate in real-time; also raw data stored for month in S3 is expensive.
- ✗
Amazon SQS to ingest data, AWS Lambda to process and aggregate, Amazon DynamoDB for raw data, S3 for summaries.
Why it's wrong here
SQS is not designed for high-throughput streaming; also DynamoDB for raw data is expensive.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A startup's cloud architect reviews their monthly bill and notices costs are higher than expected for a long-running batch job. Switching from on-demand instances to Reserved Instances — or using Spot/Preemptible VMs — can reduce compute costs by up to 72 %. Questions like this test whether you understand the tradeoffs between commitment, flexibility, and cost across cloud pricing models.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SAP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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Design for New Solutions — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design for New Solutions — This question tests Design for New Solutions — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to aggregate in real-time, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver aggregated data to S3, and an S3 Lifecycle policy to expire raw data after 30 days. — Option D is correct because Kinesis Data Streams ingests real-time data, Kinesis Data Analytics performs real-time aggregation, and Firehose delivers to S3. Option A uses Lambda for aggregation, which is not ideal for streaming aggregations. Option B uses SQS, which is not designed for real-time streaming. Option C misses the real-time aggregation step.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SAP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.
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