The answer is AWS FireLens (Fluent Bit) and the CloudWatch Logs awslogs driver. FireLens, which integrates Fluent Bit directly into the ECS task definition, allows you to collect, filter, and forward logs from Fargate containers to multiple destinations, including CloudWatch Logs, while the awslogs driver provides a simpler, native method for sending logs straight to CloudWatch. On the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 exam, this question tests your understanding of the Fargate logging options and their appropriate use cases, often appearing as a trap where candidates confuse log collection with storage or analytics services like S3 or Kinesis Data Analytics. A common pitfall is selecting CloudTrail, which only captures AWS API activity, not application logs. Remember the memory tip: "FireLens for flexible forwarding, awslogs for direct delivery"—both are valid, but FireLens gives you control over log routing and enrichment.
SAP-C02 Design for New Solutions Practice Question
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design for new solutions. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is designing a new cloud-native application that will run on Amazon ECS with Fargate. The application must store logs centrally for analysis. Which TWO services can be used to collect and analyze logs from ECS Fargate tasks?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Amazon CloudWatch Logs
Option A and Option C are correct. CloudWatch Logs can be used with the awslogs driver to collect logs. FireLens (using Fluent Bit) can also collect and forward logs. Option B is wrong because Kinesis Data Analytics is for streaming analytics, not log collection. Option D is wrong because S3 is a storage service, not a log analysis service. Option E is wrong because CloudTrail captures API calls, not application logs.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✓
Amazon CloudWatch Logs
Why this is correct
ECS can send logs to CloudWatch Logs using the awslogs log driver.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✓
AWS FireLens (Fluent Bit)
Why this is correct
FireLens can collect logs from Fargate tasks and forward to destinations.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Amazon S3
Why it's wrong here
S3 is for storage, not for log analysis directly.
✗
AWS CloudTrail
Why it's wrong here
CloudTrail captures AWS API activity, not application logs.
✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics
Why it's wrong here
Kinesis Data Analytics processes streaming data, not for log collection from ECS.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SAP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Design for New Solutions — This question tests Design for New Solutions — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Amazon CloudWatch Logs — Option A and Option C are correct. CloudWatch Logs can be used with the awslogs driver to collect logs. FireLens (using Fluent Bit) can also collect and forward logs. Option B is wrong because Kinesis Data Analytics is for streaming analytics, not log collection. Option D is wrong because S3 is a storage service, not a log analysis service. Option E is wrong because CloudTrail captures API calls, not application logs.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SAP-C02 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Question Discussion
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