- A
Use AWS Resource Access Manager (RAM) to share a KMS key across accounts, and enable default encryption in each account's S3 settings.
Why wrong: RAM shares resources but does not enforce encryption policies across accounts.
- B
Use a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny PutBucketEncryption actions that do not set SSE-KMS, and use AWS Config with a custom rule and automatic remediation via Lambda to fix existing buckets.
This combines prevention with SCP and remediation with Config auto-remediation.
- C
Use AWS Config to detect non-compliant buckets and a Service Control Policy (SCP) to enforce encryption on existing buckets.
Why wrong: SCPs cannot remediate existing resources; they only deny future actions.
- D
Use AWS CloudTrail to monitor bucket creation, and trigger a Lambda function to enable SSE-KMS on new buckets.
Why wrong: CloudTrail logs events but does not automatically remediate; also this does not address existing buckets.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has multiple AWS accounts managed via AWS Organizations. The security team needs to enforce that all S3 buckets across all accounts have server-side encryption with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) enabled, and any new bucket that does not comply must be automatically remediated. Which design should be used?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Use a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny PutBucketEncryption actions that do not set SSE-KMS, and use AWS Config with a custom rule and automatic remediation via Lambda to fix existing buckets.
Option C is correct because it uses a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny creation of buckets without SSE-KMS, and a Config rule with auto-remediation via Lambda to fix existing non-compliant buckets. Option A is wrong because SCPs cannot remediate existing buckets. Option B is wrong because CloudTrail is for logging, not enforcement. Option D is wrong because Resource Access Manager (RAM) does not enforce encryption.
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use AWS Resource Access Manager (RAM) to share a KMS key across accounts, and enable default encryption in each account's S3 settings.
Why it's wrong here
RAM shares resources but does not enforce encryption policies across accounts.
- ✓
Use a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny PutBucketEncryption actions that do not set SSE-KMS, and use AWS Config with a custom rule and automatic remediation via Lambda to fix existing buckets.
Why this is correct
This combines prevention with SCP and remediation with Config auto-remediation.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- ✗
Use AWS Config to detect non-compliant buckets and a Service Control Policy (SCP) to enforce encryption on existing buckets.
Why it's wrong here
SCPs cannot remediate existing resources; they only deny future actions.
- ✗
Use AWS CloudTrail to monitor bucket creation, and trigger a Lambda function to enable SSE-KMS on new buckets.
Why it's wrong here
CloudTrail logs events but does not automatically remediate; also this does not address existing buckets.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SAP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Use a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny PutBucketEncryption actions that do not set SSE-KMS, and use AWS Config with a custom rule and automatic remediation via Lambda to fix existing buckets. — Option C is correct because it uses a Service Control Policy (SCP) to deny creation of buckets without SSE-KMS, and a Config rule with auto-remediation via Lambda to fix existing non-compliant buckets. Option A is wrong because SCPs cannot remediate existing buckets. Option B is wrong because CloudTrail is for logging, not enforcement. Option D is wrong because Resource Access Manager (RAM) does not enforce encryption.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SAP-C02 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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