SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
A company has a complex AWS environment with multiple accounts and VPCs. The company wants to ensure that all outbound traffic from VPCs goes through a centralized inspection VPC for security monitoring. The company uses AWS Transit Gateway. Which solution should be implemented?
⚠ Common exam trap
Many candidates confuse VPC peering with Transit Gateway, assuming peering can achieve transitive routing, but AWS VPC peering explicitly does not support transitive routing, making Option B invalid for centralized inspection.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway.
It uses AWS Transit Gateway with centralized route tables to force all outbound traffic from attached VPCs through the inspection VPC. By configuring the Transit Gateway route table with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the inspection VPC attachment, all outbound traffic from other VPCs is routed to the inspection VPC for security monitoring before leaving the network. This design meets the requirement of a single, centralized inspection point without requiring VPC peering or per-VPC firewall deployments.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Deploy AWS Network Firewall in each VPC and configure routing to send outbound traffic through the firewall.
Why it's wrong here
Does not centralize inspection.
- ✗
Use VPC peering to connect all VPCs to the inspection VPC and configure routes.
Why it's wrong here
VPC peering is not transitive and does not scale.
- ✗
Use Route 53 Resolver to forward all outbound DNS queries to the inspection VPC.
Why it's wrong here
DNS forwarding does not route all traffic.
- ✓
Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway.
Why this is correct
Transit Gateway route tables can direct traffic to inspection VPC.
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Same concept, more angles
1 more way this is tested on SAP-C02
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. A company with multiple AWS accounts wants to centrally manage network security policies. The security team needs to inspect all traffic between VPCs in different accounts and block malicious traffic. Which solution is MOST operationally efficient?
medium- A.AWS PrivateLink to route traffic through a centralized security appliance in a single account.
- B.VPC Peering connections between all VPCs and use security groups to control traffic.
- ✓ C.AWS Network Firewall with AWS Firewall Manager and AWS Resource Access Manager to deploy across accounts.
- D.AWS Transit Gateway with a centralized inspection VPC using a Gateway Load Balancer.
Why C: AWS Network Firewall, combined with AWS Firewall Manager and AWS Resource Access Manager, provides a centralized, policy-based approach to deploy and manage network security rules across multiple accounts and VPCs. Firewall Manager allows you to define common security policies (e.g., domain filtering, intrusion prevention) and automatically apply them to new and existing VPCs, while RAM enables sharing the firewall subnet across accounts. This eliminates the need for manual per-account configuration, making it the most operationally efficient solution for centrally inspecting and blocking malicious traffic between VPCs in different accounts.
JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This SAP-C02 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SAP-C02 exam.