- A
Deploy AWS Network Firewall in each VPC and configure routing to send outbound traffic through the firewall.
Why wrong: Does not centralize inspection.
- B
Use VPC peering to connect all VPCs to the inspection VPC and configure routes.
Why wrong: VPC peering is not transitive and does not scale.
- C
Use Route 53 Resolver to forward all outbound DNS queries to the inspection VPC.
Why wrong: DNS forwarding does not route all traffic.
- D
Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway.
Transit Gateway route tables can direct traffic to inspection VPC.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has a complex AWS environment with multiple accounts and VPCs. The company wants to ensure that all outbound traffic from VPCs goes through a centralized inspection VPC for security monitoring. The company uses AWS Transit Gateway. Which solution should be implemented?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway.
Option D is correct because it uses AWS Transit Gateway with centralized route tables to force all outbound traffic from attached VPCs through the inspection VPC. By configuring the Transit Gateway route table with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the inspection VPC attachment, all outbound traffic from other VPCs is routed to the inspection VPC for security monitoring before leaving the network. This design meets the requirement of a single, centralized inspection point without requiring VPC peering or per-VPC firewall deployments.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Deploy AWS Network Firewall in each VPC and configure routing to send outbound traffic through the firewall.
Why it's wrong here
Does not centralize inspection.
- ✗
Use VPC peering to connect all VPCs to the inspection VPC and configure routes.
Why it's wrong here
VPC peering is not transitive and does not scale.
- ✗
Use Route 53 Resolver to forward all outbound DNS queries to the inspection VPC.
Why it's wrong here
DNS forwarding does not route all traffic.
- ✓
Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway.
Why this is correct
Transit Gateway route tables can direct traffic to inspection VPC.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse VPC peering with Transit Gateway, assuming peering can achieve transitive routing, but AWS VPC peering explicitly does not support transitive routing, making Option B invalid for centralized inspection.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
AWS Transit Gateway supports transitive routing through its route tables, allowing a single inspection VPC to act as a central hub for all outbound traffic. The default route (0.0.0.0/0) in the Transit Gateway route table directs traffic to the inspection VPC attachment, which typically hosts a firewall appliance (e.g., AWS Network Firewall or a third-party NGFW) that performs deep packet inspection. In a real-world scenario, this design also requires careful handling of asymmetric routing and ensuring that return traffic from the internet is routed back through the inspection VPC, often using a NAT gateway or internet gateway in the inspection VPC.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create a Transit Gateway with route tables. Attach the inspection VPC as a central hub. Configure the route tables of the transit gateway to point the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the inspection VPC attachment. Then attach all other VPCs and configure their route tables to send traffic to the Transit Gateway. — Option D is correct because it uses AWS Transit Gateway with centralized route tables to force all outbound traffic from attached VPCs through the inspection VPC. By configuring the Transit Gateway route table with a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the inspection VPC attachment, all outbound traffic from other VPCs is routed to the inspection VPC for security monitoring before leaving the network. This design meets the requirement of a single, centralized inspection point without requiring VPC peering or per-VPC firewall deployments.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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