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Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

SAP-C02 Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions Practice Question

This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of continuous improvement for existing solutions. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Resources:
  myVPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
  mySubnet:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
      CidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
  myInternetGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  myAttachGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref myInternetGateway
  myRouteTable:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
  myRoute:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    DependsOn: myAttachGateway
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref myRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref myInternetGateway
  mySubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref mySubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref myRouteTable

A company deploys the above CloudFormation template. After deployment, an EC2 instance launched in mySubnet can access the internet. However, the instance cannot receive inbound traffic from the internet. What is the MOST likely reason?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "most likely"

    Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Review the full subnetting walkthrough →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

Resources:
  myVPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
  mySubnet:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
      CidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
  myInternetGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
  myAttachGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref myInternetGateway
  myRouteTable:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref myVPC
  myRoute:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    DependsOn: myAttachGateway
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref myRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref myInternetGateway
  mySubnetRouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      SubnetId: !Ref mySubnet
      RouteTableId: !Ref myRouteTable

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

No security group or network ACL allows inbound traffic.

Option B is correct because the template does not configure a security group or network ACL to allow inbound traffic. The route table and internet gateway are correctly set up for outbound traffic. Option A is wrong because the subnet has MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true. C is wrong because the route exists. D is wrong because the VPC is not missing an internet gateway.

Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✗

    The subnet does not have auto-assign public IP enabled.

    Why it's wrong here

    MapPublicIpOnLaunch is set to true.

  • ✓

    No security group or network ACL allows inbound traffic.

    Why this is correct

    Inbound traffic is blocked by default.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

  • ✗

    The VPC does not have an internet gateway attached.

    Why it's wrong here

    The attachment is present.

  • ✗

    The route table does not have a route to the internet gateway.

    Why it's wrong here

    The route is present.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses

Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
  • Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
  • Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
  • The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.

TExam Day Tips

  • Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
  • Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
  • Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.

Key takeaway

Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SAP-C02 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SAP-C02 question test?

Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions — This question tests Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: No security group or network ACL allows inbound traffic. — Option B is correct because the template does not configure a security group or network ACL to allow inbound traffic. The route table and internet gateway are correctly set up for outbound traffic. Option A is wrong because the subnet has MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true. C is wrong because the route exists. D is wrong because the VPC is not missing an internet gateway.

What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?

Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related SAP-C02 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

CIDR notation defines the prefix length.

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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026

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