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MLA-C01 ML Model Development Practice Question

A company is using SageMaker to train a large model using data parallelism with the SageMaker distributed data parallelism library. They notice that the training throughput is not scaling linearly with the number of GPUs. Which THREE factors could be causing this?

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

I/O bottleneck from reading data from Amazon S3

Communication overhead from gradient synchronization, I/O bottlenecks from reading data, and an inefficient loss scaling strategy can all limit scaling. Model size alone is not a scaling issue if it fits on GPUs. Instance type differences affect speed but not scaling linearity directly.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • I/O bottleneck from reading data from Amazon S3

    Why this is correct

    Slow data loading can starve GPUs, reducing scaling efficiency.

  • Using different instance types across the cluster

    Why it's wrong here

    Different instance types may cause stragglers but it's not a typical cause for non-linear scaling in a homogeneous cluster.

  • Model size too large for the GPUs

    Why it's wrong here

    If the model doesn't fit, data parallelism wouldn't work at all; this is a model parallelism issue.

  • Inefficient loss scaling strategy

    Why this is correct

    Loss scaling with mixed precision can affect convergence and training dynamics, potentially impacting scaling.

  • Communication overhead from gradient synchronization

    Why this is correct

    Allreduce operations can become a bottleneck as the number of GPUs increases.

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