Quick Answer
The answer is Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and AWS Glue. Kinesis Data Firehose is a fully managed service that can invoke Lambda functions to transform streaming data in transit before delivering it to S3, while AWS Glue performs ETL transformations on data in motion using its streaming capabilities. On the AWS Certified Machine Learning Specialty MLS-C01 exam, this question tests your understanding of real-time data processing pipelines, often appearing in scenarios involving feature engineering for machine learning models where data must be cleaned or enriched before storage. A common trap is confusing Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with Firehose—Data Streams requires a separate consumer to process data, whereas Firehose handles transformation natively. Remember the mnemonic "Firehose Fires Lambda" to recall that Firehose invokes Lambda for in-transit transformations, and "Glue Glues Streams" to remember AWS Glue can glue together ETL jobs on streaming data.
This MLS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data engineering. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which TWO AWS services can be used to transform data in transit before storing it in Amazon S3? (Choose TWO.)
AWS Glue
Glue can process streaming data with streaming ETL jobs.
Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Why wrong: Redshift Spectrum queries data in S3, does not transform in transit.
AWS Data Pipeline
Why wrong: Data Pipeline moves data between sources, but not real-time transformation.
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
Firehose can transform data using Lambda before delivery.
Amazon Athena
Why wrong: Athena queries data at rest, not in transit.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
AWS Glue
AWS Glue can perform ETL transformations on data in motion. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose can invoke Lambda functions to transform data before delivery. Options B, D, and E are not used for transforming data in transit.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
AWS Glue
Why this is correct
Glue can process streaming data with streaming ETL jobs.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Why it's wrong here
Redshift Spectrum queries data in S3, does not transform in transit.
AWS Data Pipeline
Why it's wrong here
Data Pipeline moves data between sources, but not real-time transformation.
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
Why this is correct
Firehose can transform data using Lambda before delivery.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Amazon Athena
Why it's wrong here
Athena queries data at rest, not in transit.
Common exam traps
Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.
Detailed technical explanation
This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Identify which MLS-C01 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
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FAQ
Data Engineering — This question tests Data Engineering — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: AWS Glue — AWS Glue can perform ETL transformations on data in motion. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose can invoke Lambda functions to transform data before delivery. Options B, D, and E are not used for transforming data in transit.
Identify which MLS-C01 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
This MLS-C01 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Amazon Web Services certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the MLS-C01 exam.
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