- A
Use AWS CloudFront to restrict access based on IP addresses.
Why wrong: CloudFront is for content delivery, not for SageMaker endpoint invocation.
- B
Use API Gateway in front of the SageMaker endpoint and attach a resource policy to API Gateway.
Why wrong: API Gateway adds latency and complexity; not the simplest solution.
- C
Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon SageMaker and attach a policy that only allows invocation from the VPC. Use IAM roles to restrict which users can invoke the endpoint.
VPC endpoint with policy ensures only traffic from the VPC can reach SageMaker API, and IAM controls user permissions.
- D
Configure network ACLs on the VPC subnet to allow only the endpoint's security group.
Why wrong: Network ACLs control traffic at subnet level but do not authenticate users.
Quick Answer
The answer is to create a VPC endpoint for Amazon SageMaker with a policy that restricts invocation to the VPC, combined with IAM roles limiting which users can invoke the endpoint. This is correct because SageMaker endpoints do not support resource-based policies directly, so you must use a VPC endpoint policy to enforce network-level access control—denying any invocation request that does not originate from the specified VPC—while IAM roles handle authentication and authorization for specific principals. On the AWS Certified Machine Learning Specialty MLS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how to secure SageMaker endpoints without overcomplicating the architecture; a common trap is choosing network ACLs, which lack authentication, or API Gateway, which adds unnecessary overhead for a direct VPC requirement. The key insight is that VPC endpoint policies act as a gatekeeper for network origin, while IAM governs who can pass through that gate. Memory tip: think of the VPC endpoint policy as the “bouncer at the door” checking where you came from, and IAM as the “ID check” verifying who you are.
MLS-C01 Practice Question: Machine Learning Implementation and Operations
This MLS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of machine learning implementation and operations. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
An ML engineer is deploying a model on a SageMaker endpoint and wants to ensure that only authorized users and services can invoke the endpoint. The company uses AWS IAM for access control and requires that the endpoint be invoked only from within a specific VPC. What combination of actions should the engineer take? (Choose the single best answer.)
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"best"Why it matters: Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon SageMaker and attach a policy that only allows invocation from the VPC. Use IAM roles to restrict which users can invoke the endpoint.
The best approach is to attach an IAM policy to the endpoint (via AWS Lambda or resource policy) that denies access unless the request originates from the VPC. However, SageMaker endpoints do not support resource-based policies directly; instead, use VPC Endpoint policies and IAM. The correct answer is to create a VPC endpoint for SageMaker and attach a policy that restricts invocation to the VPC, combined with IAM roles that allow only specific principals. Option B (network ACLs) is not sufficient for authentication. Option C (API Gateway) adds unnecessary complexity. Option D (CloudFront) is for CDN, not access control.
Key principle: Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use AWS CloudFront to restrict access based on IP addresses.
Why it's wrong here
CloudFront is for content delivery, not for SageMaker endpoint invocation.
- ✗
Use API Gateway in front of the SageMaker endpoint and attach a resource policy to API Gateway.
Why it's wrong here
API Gateway adds latency and complexity; not the simplest solution.
- ✓
Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon SageMaker and attach a policy that only allows invocation from the VPC. Use IAM roles to restrict which users can invoke the endpoint.
Why this is correct
VPC endpoint with policy ensures only traffic from the VPC can reach SageMaker API, and IAM controls user permissions.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "best" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- ✗
Configure network ACLs on the VPC subnet to allow only the endpoint's security group.
Why it's wrong here
Network ACLs control traffic at subnet level but do not authenticate users.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: usable hosts are not the same as total addresses
Subnetting questions often tempt you into counting all addresses. In normal IPv4 subnets, the network and broadcast addresses are not usable host addresses.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Subnetting questions test whether you can identify the network, broadcast address, usable range, mask and correct subnet. Slow down enough to calculate the block size correctly.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
- Block size helps identify subnet boundaries.
- Network and broadcast addresses are not usable hosts in normal IPv4 subnets.
- The required host count determines the smallest suitable subnet.
TExam Day Tips
- Write the block size before choosing the subnet.
- Check whether the question asks for hosts, subnets or a specific address range.
- Do not confuse /24, /25, /26 and /27 host counts.
Key takeaway
Count usable hosts — not total addresses — and remember that the network and broadcast addresses are not available to hosts in standard IPv4 subnets.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related MLS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
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Machine Learning Implementation and Operations — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this MLS-C01 question test?
Machine Learning Implementation and Operations — This question tests Machine Learning Implementation and Operations — CIDR notation defines the prefix length..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon SageMaker and attach a policy that only allows invocation from the VPC. Use IAM roles to restrict which users can invoke the endpoint. — The best approach is to attach an IAM policy to the endpoint (via AWS Lambda or resource policy) that denies access unless the request originates from the VPC. However, SageMaker endpoints do not support resource-based policies directly; instead, use VPC Endpoint policies and IAM. The correct answer is to create a VPC endpoint for SageMaker and attach a policy that restricts invocation to the VPC, combined with IAM roles that allow only specific principals. Option B (network ACLs) is not sufficient for authentication. Option C (API Gateway) adds unnecessary complexity. Option D (CloudFront) is for CDN, not access control.
What should I do if I get this MLS-C01 question wrong?
Review block sizes, usable host formulas (2^n − 2), and how to find network and broadcast addresses for /24 through /30. Then practise related MLS-C01 subnetting questions on CIDR, address ranges, and subnet selection.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "best". Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
What is the key concept behind this question?
CIDR notation defines the prefix length.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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