- A
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for windowed aggregations, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to write to Amazon S3.
Kinesis Data Analytics supports windowed aggregations and exactly-once processing; Firehose delivers to S3 with minimal overhead.
- B
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, AWS Glue Streaming ETL for aggregation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why wrong: Glue Streaming is a batch-oriented service with higher latency; not ideal for real-time streaming.
- C
Amazon SQS for ingestion, AWS Lambda for aggregation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why wrong: SQS is a message queue, not a streaming platform; Lambda does not provide exactly-once semantics for streaming data.
- D
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose for transformation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why wrong: Firehose does not support custom windowed aggregations; it delivers data as-is or with simple transformations.
Quick Answer
The answer is Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Kinesis Data Analytics for windowed aggregation, and Kinesis Data Firehose for delivery to S3. This combination works because Kinesis Data Analytics natively supports tumbling windows for 5-minute aggregations and uses watermarking to handle late-arriving data up to one hour, while its integration with Kinesis Data Streams enables exactly-once semantics through checkpointing and idempotent sinks. On the AWS Certified Machine Learning Specialty MLS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of streaming versus batch services—a common trap is choosing AWS Glue Streaming, which is batch-oriented and lacks true windowed aggregation, or Lambda, which cannot guarantee exactly-once processing for streaming data. Remember that Kinesis Data Analytics is the only service in the AWS streaming stack that provides built-in windowed aggregation with watermark-based late data handling. A useful memory tip: think of the three Kinesis services as a pipeline—Streams for ingestion, Analytics for the window, and Firehose for the final S3 dump.
MLS-C01 Data Engineering Practice Question
This MLS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of data engineering. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A data engineer is tasked with building a pipeline to process streaming data from IoT devices. The devices send data in JSON format every second. The pipeline must aggregate data in 5-minute windows and store the results in Amazon S3. The engineer needs to handle late-arriving data (up to 1 hour) and ensure exactly-once semantics. Which combination of AWS services should they use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for windowed aggregations, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to write to Amazon S3.
Option A is correct because Kinesis Data Analytics supports windowed aggregations, can handle late data via watermarking, and provides exactly-once processing when used with Kinesis Data Streams. Option B is wrong because Kinesis Data Firehose does not allow custom windowed aggregations. Option C is wrong because Glue Streaming is a batch-oriented service. Option D is wrong because Lambda does not have built-in support for exactly-once semantics for streaming applications.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for windowed aggregations, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to write to Amazon S3.
Why this is correct
Kinesis Data Analytics supports windowed aggregations and exactly-once processing; Firehose delivers to S3 with minimal overhead.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, AWS Glue Streaming ETL for aggregation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why it's wrong here
Glue Streaming is a batch-oriented service with higher latency; not ideal for real-time streaming.
- ✗
Amazon SQS for ingestion, AWS Lambda for aggregation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why it's wrong here
SQS is a message queue, not a streaming platform; Lambda does not provide exactly-once semantics for streaming data.
- ✗
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose for transformation, and Amazon S3 for storage.
Why it's wrong here
Firehose does not support custom windowed aggregations; it delivers data as-is or with simple transformations.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
- PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
- Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
- NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
- Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
- Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
- Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related MLS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this MLS-C01 question test?
Data Engineering — This question tests Data Engineering — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for ingestion, Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for windowed aggregations, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to write to Amazon S3. — Option A is correct because Kinesis Data Analytics supports windowed aggregations, can handle late data via watermarking, and provides exactly-once processing when used with Kinesis Data Streams. Option B is wrong because Kinesis Data Firehose does not allow custom windowed aggregations. Option C is wrong because Glue Streaming is a batch-oriented service. Option D is wrong because Lambda does not have built-in support for exactly-once semantics for streaming applications.
What should I do if I get this MLS-C01 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related MLS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 20, 2026
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