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Security and Compliance →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

DOP-C02 Security and Compliance Practice Question

This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of security and compliance. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application requires cross-account access to an S3 bucket in a different AWS account. The security team wants to follow the principle of least privilege. How should the DevOps engineer configure the access?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

Clue: "least"
Why it matters: You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.

A
Generate an access key for the root user of the source account and use it in the application.
Why wrong: Root user should not be used.
B
Create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role.
Least privilege and secure cross-account access.
C
Create an IAM user in the target account with access keys and store them in AWS Secrets Manager.
Why wrong: Not least privilege; uses long-term credentials.
D
Create an IAM user in the source account with programmatic access and a bucket policy allowing that user.
Why wrong: IAM users are not recommended for cross-account; roles are better.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role.

Option B is correct because it follows the recommended pattern for cross-account access: create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role. This ensures least privilege by delegating access through a role rather than sharing long-term credentials. Option A is wrong because using root user credentials is insecure and violates least privilege. Option C is wrong because the IAM user should be in the source account, not the target account, and access keys should not be stored in Secrets Manager for this purpose; instead, a role is preferred. Option D is wrong because although it creates an IAM user in the source account, a role is the recommended practice for cross-account access as it avoids managing long-term credentials.

Key principle: Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Generate an access key for the root user of the source account and use it in the application.
Why it's wrong here
Root user should not be used.
✓
Create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role.
Why this is correct
Least privilege and secure cross-account access.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "least" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Authentication checks who the user is.
✗
Create an IAM user in the target account with access keys and store them in AWS Secrets Manager.
Why it's wrong here
Not least privilege; uses long-term credentials.
✗
Create an IAM user in the source account with programmatic access and a bucket policy allowing that user.
Why it's wrong here
IAM users are not recommended for cross-account; roles are better.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: authentication is not authorization

Logging in proves the user can authenticate. It does not automatically mean the user is allowed to enter privileged or configuration mode. Watch for AAA authorization, privilege level and command authorization details.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

This kind of question is testing the difference between identity and permission. A user may successfully log in to a router because authentication is working, but still fail to enter configuration mode because authorization is missing, misconfigured or mapped to a lower privilege level.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Authentication checks who the user is.
Authorization controls what the user is allowed to do after login.
Privilege levels affect access to EXEC and configuration commands.
AAA, TACACS+ and RADIUS can separate login success from command access.

TExam Day Tips

Do not assume successful login means full administrative access.
Look for words such as cannot enter configuration mode, privilege level, authorization or command access.
Separate login problems from permission problems before choosing the answer.

Key takeaway

Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage Class	Min Duration	Retrieval	Use Case
S3 Standard	None	Immediate	Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA	30 days	Immediate	Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA	30 days	Immediate	Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering	None	Immediate–hours	Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant	90 days	Milliseconds	Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible	90 days	Minutes–hours	Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive	180 days	Hours	Long-term compliance archive

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related DOP-C02 questions on access control and AAA configuration.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this DOP-C02 question test?

Security and Compliance — This question tests Security and Compliance — Authentication checks who the user is..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role. — Option B is correct because it follows the recommended pattern for cross-account access: create an IAM role in the source account with necessary permissions and attach a bucket policy in the target account granting access to that role. This ensures least privilege by delegating access through a role rather than sharing long-term credentials. Option A is wrong because using root user credentials is insecure and violates least privilege. Option C is wrong because the IAM user should be in the source account, not the target account, and access keys should not be stored in Secrets Manager for this purpose; instead, a role is preferred. Option D is wrong because although it creates an IAM user in the source account, a role is the recommended practice for cross-account access as it avoids managing long-term credentials.

What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "least". You want the option with minimum overhead, fewest steps, or lowest impact — not the most feature-rich or comprehensive answer.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Authentication checks who the user is.

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