- A
The IAM role for the Lambda function is missing required permissions.
Why wrong: The error is specific to an unsupported Lambda runtime, not missing IAM permissions. Missing permissions would cause a different error (e.g., 'AccessDenied') during resource creation, not a validation error about the runtime.
- B
The Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region.
The stack update failed because the Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region. AWS Lambda runtimes are region-specific; some runtimes may not be supported in all regions, causing a validation error when CloudFormation attempts to create or update the function.
- C
The Lambda function code exceeds the maximum size limit.
Why wrong: Lambda function code exceeding the maximum size limit would produce a different error (e.g., 'Code storage limit exceeded'), not a runtime validation error. The exhibit shows a runtime-related failure.
- D
The S3 bucket containing the template is not accessible.
Why wrong: If the S3 bucket containing the template were inaccessible, the stack update would fail during template retrieval, not during Lambda resource creation. The error here is about the Lambda runtime, not template access.
DOP-C02 Configuration Management and IaC Practice Question
This DOP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of configuration management and iac. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A DevOps engineer runs the command shown in the exhibit to view stack events. The stack update failed. What is the most likely cause of the failure?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue:
"most likely"Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
The Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region.
The stack update failed because the Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region. AWS Lambda runtimes are region-specific; some runtimes (e.g., deprecated or newly introduced ones) may not be supported in all regions. When CloudFormation attempts to create or update a Lambda function with an unsupported runtime, it returns a validation error, causing the stack operation to fail.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The IAM role for the Lambda function is missing required permissions.
Why it's wrong here
The error is specific to an unsupported Lambda runtime, not missing IAM permissions. Missing permissions would cause a different error (e.g., 'AccessDenied') during resource creation, not a validation error about the runtime.
- ✓
The Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region.
Why this is correct
The stack update failed because the Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region. AWS Lambda runtimes are region-specific; some runtimes may not be supported in all regions, causing a validation error when CloudFormation attempts to create or update the function.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
The Lambda function code exceeds the maximum size limit.
Why it's wrong here
Lambda function code exceeding the maximum size limit would produce a different error (e.g., 'Code storage limit exceeded'), not a runtime validation error. The exhibit shows a runtime-related failure.
- ✗
The S3 bucket containing the template is not accessible.
Why it's wrong here
If the S3 bucket containing the template were inaccessible, the stack update would fail during template retrieval, not during Lambda resource creation. The error here is about the Lambda runtime, not template access.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often assume all Lambda runtimes are globally available, but AWS regions can have different runtime support timelines, especially for new or deprecated runtimes, leading to a stack update failure that is not about permissions, size, or template access.
Trap categories for this question
Command / output trap
Lambda function code exceeding the maximum size limit would produce a different error (e.g., 'Code storage limit exceeded'), not a runtime validation error. The exhibit shows a runtime-related failure.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
AWS CloudFormation validates Lambda runtime values against the list of supported runtimes in the target region at deployment time. Each region maintains its own set of available runtimes; for example, runtime 'python3.12' may be available in us-east-1 but not in ap-southeast-1 if not yet rolled out. The error message from CloudFormation typically includes 'Runtime is not supported' or 'InvalidParameterValueException' with details about the unsupported runtime.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
Quick reference
Cloud Service Model Comparison
| Model | You Manage | Provider Manages | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| IaaS | OS, runtime, apps, data | Hardware, hypervisor, networking | EC2, Azure VMs, GCP Compute Engine |
| PaaS | Apps and data | OS, runtime, middleware, hardware | Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service |
| SaaS | Data and settings only | Everything else | Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Workday |
| FaaS / Serverless | Function code only | Infra, scaling, runtime | Lambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Run |
| CaaS | Containers and apps | Kubernetes, OS, hardware | EKS, AKS, GKE |
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
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Configuration Management and IaC — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this DOP-C02 question test?
Configuration Management and IaC — This question tests Configuration Management and IaC — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: The Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region. — The stack update failed because the Lambda function specifies a runtime that is not available in the region. AWS Lambda runtimes are region-specific; some runtimes (e.g., deprecated or newly introduced ones) may not be supported in all regions. When CloudFormation attempts to create or update a Lambda function with an unsupported runtime, it returns a validation error, causing the stack operation to fail.
What should I do if I get this DOP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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